冷荒漠草本植物数量特征对不同水分输入和气象因子的响应

干旱区研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 139-146.

冷荒漠草本植物数量特征对不同水分输入和气象因子的响应

范连连^1,2,3,李耀明^1,2,Nataliia Terekhina⁴,马学喜^1,2,马杰^1,3

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011； 2. 中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011；3. 中国科学院阜康荒漠生态系统研究站，新疆阜康 831500； 4. Saint Petersburg State University, SaintPetersburg,Russia，190121

收稿日期:2018-07-01 修回日期:2018-08-13 出版日期:2019-01-15 发布日期:2019-01-17
通讯作者: 李耀明
作者简介:范连连(1983- )，女，博士，主要从事荒漠植物水分关系的研究. E-mail: flianlian@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学青年基金项目(31400394)；荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室开放基金(1100002394)；国家自然基金委-新疆联合基金项目(U1603105)资助

Response of Herbaceous Plant Quantity to Different Water Input and Meteorological Factors in a Cold Desert #br#

FAN Lian-lian^1,2,3,LI Yao-ming^1,2,Nataliia Terekhina⁴, MA Xue-xi^1,2,MA Jie^1,3

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;2. Central Asia Center for Ecological and Environmental Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;3. Fukang Station for Desert Ecosystem Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;4. SaintPetersburg State University,SaintPetersburg,Russia,190121

Received:2018-07-01 Revised:2018-08-13 Online:2019-01-15 Published:2019-01-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 草本层是古尔班通古特沙漠植被的重要组成部分，在维持沙漠稳定、养分循环等方面具有重要意义。水分通常以积雪和降雨形式输入到土壤，输入方式及数量变化对荒漠植物的存活和生长有重要影响。本文以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘草本层为研究对象，利用人工增减积雪的方法，共设置4个积雪处理(0，50%，100%，200%积雪，其中100%积雪为对照)，于2009—2016年春季调查草本植物的数量特征和物种丰富度，分析草本植物数量特征对水分变化的响应；同时结合气象数据，分析不同年份一年生荒漠草本植物数量特征与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明：表层土壤含水量与积雪厚度成正比，相应的草本植物的幼苗密度与积雪水当量、表层土壤含水量成正比关系；2009—2016年，年内积雪量的变化对物种丰富度没有显著影响，各积雪处理间物种丰富度差异不显著；2009—2016年自然处理下年际间物种丰富度差异显著，2015年物种丰富度显著小于其余年份。结合气象数据分析发现，物种丰富度年际变化主要受幼苗建成期的降雨调控，并且干旱年份过后的湿润年份物种丰富度不受前一年降水的影响，说明荒漠草本植物层片具有较强的自我调节能力；自然处理下，不同年份草本植物旺盛期的存活数量与大气干旱程度(空气饱和差)呈显著负相关关系（R²值为0.611，P<0.05），与生长季的降雨量呈正相关关系（R²值为0.162, P>0.05），说明大气干旱程度更能表征荒漠草本植物生长峰值期的存活情况。

关键词: 荒漠植物, 数量特征, 降水, 大气干旱, 气象因子, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

Rainfall and atmospheric dryness play an important role in plant growth, especially in arid area. The herbaceous layer is an important component of the plant community in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, and it generally depends on snow melt water in early spring for germination and development, resultant with a short life span. However, few studies focused on the relationship between the growth of desert annual herbaceous plants and rainfall and atmospheric dryness. Therefore, our objectives were to determine how snow cover, precipitation and atmospheric dryness affected the ecological traits of the herbaceous plants in this typical arid zone. From 2009 to 2016,we applied four treatments of snow cover thickness (0,50%,100%,and 200% as well as 100% natural snow cover thickness) to investigate the species richness and density in 1 m ×1 m quadrats. The meteorological data and field data were used to analyze the relationship between the growth of desert annual herbaceous plants and rainfall and atmospheric dryness. It was found that thick snow cover could result in a high topsoil moisture content and then high seedling density. Although the snow cover regulated the seedling density, there was no significant difference between species richness and snow cover thickness within a year. During the period of 2009-2016,however,the species richness fluctuated inter annually. It was inferred through the analysis of meteorological data that the species richness was mainly regulated by the rainfall during the seedling construction period. Moreover, the species richness in wet year would return to the normal level after a drought year. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of the atmosphere reflected the degree of atmospheric dryness, and there was a significant negative correlation between the number of survival herbaceous plants and VPD under the 100% snow cover treatment from 2009 to 2016,with the R² value at 0.611 (P<0.05).There was an opposite trend between the number of survival herbaceous plants and rainfall in growing season with R² at 0.162 (P>0.05).Obviously, atmospheric dryness was more likely to determine the survival of herbaceous plants.

Key words: desert plant')">

desert plant, plant quantity, rainfall, atmospheric dryness, meteorological factor, Gurbantunggut Desert

范连连, 李耀明, Nataliia Terekhina, 马学喜, 马杰.

冷荒漠草本植物数量特征对不同水分输入和气象因子的响应 [J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(1): 139-146.

FAN Lian-lian, LI Yao-ming, Nataliia Terekhina, MA Xue-xi, MA Jie.

Response of Herbaceous Plant Quantity to Different Water Input and Meteorological Factors in a Cold Desert #br#[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(1): 139-146.

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