河西走廊荒漠植物优势种叶片功能性状变异及权衡

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河西走廊不同生活型植物叶片功能性状的变异特征及其权衡关系对保持该地区生态系统稳定具有重要意义。为了解不同生活型植物对干旱环境的适应机制及其生态适应策略，沿河西走廊由东南向西北自然降水递减梯度设置东段、中段、西段调查样地，选取26种优势荒漠植物，其中灌木14种，草本12种，分析了14项叶片关键功能性状的变异特征和区域格局，探讨了叶片功能性状间的权衡关系与适应策略。结果表明：（1）河西走廊荒漠植物优势种叶片束缚水含量（BW）、碳磷比（C:P）、植株高度（H）、叶片自由水含量（FW）变异系数超过100%。（2）河西走廊东、中、西段不同区域植物表现出多样化的生存策略，东段灌木、草本植物在叶经济谱（LES）中的位置更靠近“缓慢投资-收益”型物种一端，中段灌木位于LES“缓慢投资-收益”型物种一端，草本则更靠近“快速投资-收益”型物种一端，西段灌木在资源丰富条件下采取“快速投资-收益”型策略，草本植物则在不利的土壤条件下采取“缓慢投资-收益”型策略。综上所述，植物生存策略受多种生态因素影响，通过性状间的优化组合与资源权衡分配实现对干旱环境的适应。

关键词: 荒漠植物, 功能性状, 叶经济谱, 河西走廊

Abstract:

The characteristics of variation in leaf functional traits of different plant types (shrubs, herbaceous plants) in Hexi Corridor and the relationships between these functional traits are extremely important for maintaining the stability of the ecosystem in this region. To explore the mechanisms of adaptation and the ecological strategies of different plant life forms in arid environments, we established survey sites in the eastern, central, and western sections along Hexi Corridor, following a gradient of decreasing natural precipitation from southeast to northwest. We selected 26 dominant desert plant species, including 14 shrubs and 12 herbaceous plants, and analyzed their variability and regional patterns of 14 key leaf functional traits. We also investigated the trade-offs and adaptive strategies among these traits. The following results were obtained: (1) The coefficient of variation for leaf-bound water content (BW), carbon to phosphorus ratio (C:P), plant height (H), and leaf free water content (FW) of dominant desert plant species in the Hexi Corridor exceeds 100%. (2) Plants in different regions of Hexi Corridor displayed diverse survival strategies: plants in the eastern section adopted a “slow-return” strategy, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the central section exhibited “slow-return” and “fast-return” strategies respectively, while shrubs in the western section adopted a “rapid resource acquisition” strategy under resource-rich conditions, and herbaceous plants adopted a “slow-return” strategy under unfavorable soil conditions. The survival strategies of plants are influenced by multiple ecological factors, and they adapt to arid environments through trait optimization and resource allocation.

Key words: desert plants, functional traits, leaf economics spectrum, Hexi Corridor

李善家, 李来周, 缪潆祥, 苟伟, 苏培玺. 河西走廊荒漠植物优势种叶片功能性状变异及权衡[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 480-488.

LI Shanjia, LI Laizhou, MIAO Yingxiang, GOU Wei, SU Peixi. Variation and trade-offs in leaf functional traits of dominant desert plant species in Hexi Corridor[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(3): 480-488.

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荒漠区	样地编号	灌木（重要值）	草本（重要值）
东段	HX1	驼绒藜（0.24）、红砂（0.37）	-
	HX2	沙拐枣（0.54）	沙米（0.11）、雾冰藜（0.15）
	HX3	泡泡刺（0.11）、沙拐枣（0.13）、驼绒藜（0.22）	刺蓬（0.11）、
	HX4	白刺（0.18）、梭梭（0.26）	冰草（0.19）
中段	HX5	合头草（0.73）	-
	HX6	红砂（0.33）、珍珠猪毛菜（0.43）	-
	HX7	红砂（0.21）、泡泡刺（0.24）	-
	HX8	泡泡刺（0.23）、红砂（0.39）	-
	HX9	沙拐枣（0.10）、梭梭（0.15）	雾冰藜（0.19）
	HX10	梭梭（0.10）、沙拐枣（0.13）、泡泡刺（0.22）	雾冰藜（0.18）
西段	HX11	霸王（0.17）、红砂（0.19）、合头草（0.29）	雾冰藜（0.25）
	HX12	白刺（0.19）	河西菊（0.77）
	HX13	黑果枸杞（0.42）	胀果甘草（0.13）、河西菊（0.23）
	HX14	黑果枸杞（0.40）	河西菊（0.26）、芦苇（0.29）
	HX15	盐爪爪（0.22）、柽柳（0.26）、黑果枸杞（0.37）	-
	HX16	泡泡刺（0.49）	芦苇（0.42）

叶片功能性状	灌木				草本
叶片功能性状	平均值±标准差	变异系数/%	最大值	最小值	平均值±标准差	变异系数/%	最大值	最小值
TWC	2.94±1.23	41.76	5.84	1.07	3.55±2.27	63.85	9.18	0.83
RWC	77.72±11.47	14.76	5.84	1.07	76.68±14.75	19.23	98.76	45.62
BW	1.70±1.19	70.3	96.17	33.9	1.20±1.24	103.22	4.6	0.05
FW	1.24±0.64	51.85	4.57	0.22	2.38±1.56	65.42	6.18	0.6
BW:FW	1.96±2.05	104.67	3.51	0.32	0.66±0.87	132.54	4.2	0.04
LDMC	230.10±70.32	30.56	9.18	0.1	228.05±119.48	52.39	486.8	90.8
SLV	4.22±1.62	38.33	392.23	128.97	4.96±2.11	42.58	10.13	2.22
SLA	64.96±19.68	30.3	8.65	1.38	81.9±32.55	39.74	246.86	26.11
LT	0.83±0.35	42.64	125.05	29.5	0.65±0.32	48.47	1.48	0.14
H	51.8±41.57	80.25	200	8	26.18±18.66	71.28	77.9	6.5
Suc	0.06±0.02	36.03	0.11	0.02	0.06±0.03	45.93	0.13	0.02
C	385.44±71.27	18.49	1.56	0.25	366.83±85.15	23.21	546.27	210.1
N	22.18±6.98	31.49	603.4	227.6	22.52±7.36	32.67	35.24	9.36
P	1.37±1.68	122.2	50.1	10.76	1.21±0.59	48.96	2.95	0.33
C:N	19.40±7.52	38.77	38.01	6.36	18.91±10.34	54.71	58.36	9.37
C:P	555.67±706.42	127.13	6304.29	40.87	382.28±202.82	53.05	1026.06	118.63
N:P	34.84±60.13	172.57	545.75	1.88	25.98±20.51	78.96	89.27	4.58

叶片功能性状	灌木		草本
叶片功能性状	主成分一	主成分二	主成分一	主成分二
TWC	0.42	0.15	0.37	0.19
RWC	0.06	0.23	0.00	0.36
BW	0.43	-0.02	0.32	-0.01
FW	-0.02	0.34	0.29	0.27
BW:FW	0.32	-0.19	0.09	-0.21
LDMC	-0.42	-0.06	-0.34	-0.05
SLV	0.38	-0.02	0.36	0.09
SLA	0.20	-0.32	0.15	0.03
LT	0.16	0.42	0.15	0.24
C	-0.15	0.08	-0.25	0.04
N	0.05	-0.25	0.07	-0.44
P	0.04	0.19	-0.15	0.28
H	-0.17	0.28	-0.29	0.02
Suc	0.27	0.33	0.36	0.13
N:P	0.00	-0.26	0.19	-0.41
C:N	-0.15	0.26	-0.17	0.31
C:P	0.00	-0.25	0.14	-0.31
特征值	4.88	2.82	6.23	3.55
贡献率/%	28.74	16.57	36.67	20.80

叶片功能性状	灌木			草本
叶片功能性状	东段	中段	西段	东段	中段	西段
TWC/g	2.08b	2.89a	3.56a	2.58ns	4.28ns	3.41ns
RWC/%	76.26ns	75.95ns	80.36ns	77.88a	67.33b	86.66a
BW/g	0.75b	1.77a	2.36a	0.39b	1.74a	1.07ab
FW/g	1.33ns	1.12ns	1.20ns	2.20ns	2.49ns	2.34ns
BW:FW	0.72b	1.92ab	3.11a	0.28ns	1.64ns	0.41ns
C/(g·kg^-1)	421.86ns	377.09ns	360.27ns	438.87ns	305.15ns	370.15ns
N/(g·kg^-1)	23.83ns	24.57ns	20.48ns	21.78b	28.61a	18.59b
P/(g·kg^-1)	1.15ns	1.02ns	1.73ns	1.63ns	1.09ns	1.04ns
SLV/(cm³·g^-1)	3.39b	4.37ab	4.70a	4.05ns	5.50ns	4.91ns
SLA/(cm²·g^-1)	60.89ns	65.60ns	69.42ns	91.77ns	90.19ns	69.39ns
LDMC/(mg·g^-1)	271.08a	237.53ab	196.58b	258.71a	143.89b	287.86a
LT/mm	0.79ab	0.62b	0.97a	0.50ns	0.61ns	0.74ns
Suc/(g·g^-1)	0.05b	0.06ab	0.07a	0.04ns	0.07ns	0.06ns
H/cm	80.08a	36.71b	40.77b	28.99ns	17.23ns	31.57ns
N:P	31.54ns	111.46ns	27.48ns	15.31b	38.95a	20.57b
C:N	18.86ns	17.64ns	18.73ns	23.87a	10.73b	20.17a
C:P	407.5ns	1386.4ns	454.43ns	292.22ns	416.07ns	388.31ns