民勤县公益林植物多样性与土壤因子的关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.01.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以民勤县荒漠区生态公益林中五种典型植物群落沙丘芦苇+芨芨草（Phragmites communis+Achnatherum splendens）、碱蓬+白刺（Suaeda glauca+Nitraria tangutorum）、霸王+白刺（Sarcozygium xanthoxylon+Nitraria tangutorum）、珍珠猪毛菜+梭梭（Salsola passerine+Haloxylon ammodendron）、红砂+梭梭（Reaumuria songarica+Haloxylon ammodendron）为研究对象，通过野外植物群落调查和土壤采样，研究了植物群落结构、植物物种多样性及其与土壤因子之间的关系，结果表明：（1）民勤县荒漠区生态公益林植物物种组成相对简单，仅有10科19属22种，红砂+梭梭群落物种组成相对丰富。红砂+梭梭群落Margalef丰富度指数（R）、Simpson优势度指数（D）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）为5种植物群落中最大，5种群落Pielou均匀度指数（Jsw）范围为0.55~0.99且五种群落之间无显著差异。（2）从5种群落土壤理化性质来看，红砂+梭梭群落土壤容重最小、土壤有机碳含量最高。（3） α多样性指数和土壤因子的关系通过冗余分析（Redundancy Analysis，RDA）发现，土壤容重（SBD）、土壤有机碳（SOC）含量对α多样性的解释率较高，分别为56%、14.3%。因此，红砂+梭梭群落的物种丰富度相对较高，土壤理化性质相对较好，能够改善民勤县荒漠区植被生态，对民勤县荒漠区生态公益林植物群落多样性保护和提高具有积极意义。

关键词: 荒漠植物, 物种多样性, 土壤因子, 民勤县

Abstract:

The five typical plant communities in the ecological public welfare forest in the desert area of Minqin County, namely, Phragmites communis+Achnatherum splendens, Suaeda glauca+Nitraria tangutorum, Sarcozygium xanthoxylon+Nitraria tangutorum, Salsola passerine+Haloxylon ammodendron, Reaumuria songarica+Haloxylon ammodendron as research objects, through the field plant community survey and soil sampling, studied the plant community structure, plant species diversity and its relationship with soil factors, the results show that: (1) Minqin County desert area ecological public welfare forests plant species composition is relatively simple, there are only 10 families, 19 genera and 22 species, and the Reaumuria songarica+Haloxylon ammodendron community is relatively rich in species composition. The Margalef richness index (R), Simpson’s dominance index(D), and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of the Reaumuria songarica+Haloxylon ammodendron community were the largest among the five plant communities, and the Pielou evenness index (Jsw) of the five communities ranged from 0.55 to 0.99 with no significant difference among the five communities. (2) In terms of soil physicochemical properties of the five communities, the Reaumuria songarica+Haloxylon ammodendron community had the smallest soil bulk density and the highest soil organic carbon content. (3) The relationship between the α-diversity index and soil factors was found by Redundancy Analysis (RDA) that the soil bulk density (SBD) and soil organic carbon (SOC) content explained a higher percentage of α-diversity, which were 56% and 14.3%, respectively. Therefore, the Reaumuria songarica+Haloxylon ammodendron community has relatively high species richness and relatively good soil physicochemical properties, which can improve the vegetation ecology in the desert area of Minqin County, and is of positive significance for the protection and enhancement of plant community diversity in the ecological public welfare forests in the desert area of Minqin County.

Key words: desert plants, species diversity, soil factors, Minqin County

赵雪梅, 马维伟, 张世虎, 常文华, 李广, 赵维军, 张玉. 民勤县公益林植物多样性与土壤因子的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(1): 108-117.

ZHAO Xuemei, MA Weiwei, ZHANG Shihu, CHANG Wenhua, LI Guang, ZHAO Weijun, ZHANG Yu. Relationship between plant diversity and soil factors in public welfare forests in Minqin County[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(1): 108-117.

图/表 6

表1

表2

植物群落物种组成和重要值"

植物群落	生活型	植物种	科属	重要值
沙丘芦苇+芨芨草群落	灌木	白刺Nitraria tangutorum	蒺藜科白刺属	0.078
	灌木	红砂Reaumuria songarica	柽柳科红砂属	0.054
	小乔木	柽柳Tamarix chinensis	柽柳科柽柳属	0.091
	小乔木	梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	藜科梭梭属	0.086
	半灌木	珍珠猪毛菜Salsola passerina	藜科猪毛菜属	0.147
	多年生草本	大籽蒿Artemisia sieversiana	菊科蒿属	0.053
	多年生草本	黄花补血草Limonium aureum	白花丹科补血属	0.022
	多年生草本	芨芨草Achnatherum splendens	禾本科芨芨草属	0.180
	多年生草本	沙丘芦苇Phragmites communis	禾本科芦苇属	0.238
	多年生草本	骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	白刺科骆驼蒿属	0.050
碱蓬+白刺群落	灌木	白刺Nitraria tangutorum	蒺藜科白刺属	0.261
	灌木	黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica	菊科蒿属	0.050
	小乔木	梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	藜科梭梭属	0.091
	灌木	沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	豆科沙冬青属	0.029
	半灌木	珍珠猪毛菜Salsola passerina	藜科猪毛菜属	0.103
	多年生草本	蓝刺头Echinops davuricus	菊科蓝刺头属	0.016
	多年生草本	骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	白刺科骆驼蒿属	0.064
	一年生草本	碱蓬Suaeda glauca	苋科碱蓬属	0.314
	一年生草本	雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla	苋科雾冰藜属	0.074
霸王＋白刺群落	灌木	白刺Nitraria tangutorum	蒺藜科白刺属	0.276
	灌木	黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica	菊科蒿属	0.063
	灌木	红砂Reaumuria songarica	柽柳科红砂属	0.117
	灌木	霸王Sarcozygium xanthoxylum	蒺藜科霸王属	0.423
	多年生草本	蓝刺头Echinops davuricus	菊科蓝刺头属	0.035
	多年生草本	骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	白刺科骆驼蒿属	0.074
珍珠猪毛菜+梭梭群落	灌木	白刺Nitraria tangutorum	蒺藜科白刺属	0.108
	灌木	大白刺Nitraria roborowskii	蒺藜科白刺属	0.104
	灌木	红砂Reaumuria songarica	柽柳科红砂属	0.152
	小乔木	梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	藜科梭梭属	0.181
	灌木	小果白刺Nitraria sibirica	蒺藜科白刺属	0.117
	半灌木	珍珠猪毛菜Salsola passerina	藜科猪毛菜属	0.244
	多年生草本	骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	白刺科骆驼蒿属	0.094
红砂+梭梭群落	灌木	白刺Nitraria tangutorum	蒺藜科白刺属	0.099
	灌木	黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum	茄科枸杞属	0.021
	灌木	红砂Reaumuria songarica	柽柳科红砂属	0.273
	小乔木	柽柳Tamarix chinensis	柽柳科柽柳属	0.118
	小乔木	梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	藜科梭梭属	0.254
	草本或亚灌木	苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides	豆科槐属	0.022
	多年生草本	骆驼蓬Peganum harmala	白刺科骆驼蓬属	0.035
	多年生草本	黄花补血草Limonium aureum	白花丹科补血属	0.069
	一年生草本	沙蓬Agriophyllum pungens	苋科沙蓬属	0.029
	一年生草本	雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla	苋科雾冰藜属	0.059

表2

图1

表3

图2

表4

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植物群落	纬度	经度	海拔/m	土壤容重	pH	年降水量/mm	盖度/%
沙丘芦苇+芨芨草	38°12′36.88″N	103°17′48.37″E	1455	1.34	7.46	204.70	25.36
碱蓬+白刺	39°09′33.18″N	103°50′01.85″E	1343	1.66	8.31	158.77	15.80
霸王+白刺	39°26′33.32″N	103°47′13.91″E	1292	1.47	8.06	144.67	32.93
珍珠猪毛菜+梭梭	38°56′10.17″N	102°42′07.61″E	1382	1.05	7.62	147.53	27.98
红砂+梭梭	39°00′22.42″N	103°20′55.67″E	1319	0.30	7.84	163.77	22.96

土壤指标	沙丘芦苇+芨芨草群落	碱蓬+白刺群落	霸王＋白刺群落	珍珠猪毛菜+梭梭群落	红砂+梭梭群落
SOC/（g·kg^-1）	5.88±1.96c	3.86±1.81c	14.48±1.71ab	8.54±4.19bc	15.32±1.41a
TN/（g·kg^-1）	0.16±0.01b	0.40±0.00a	0.11±0.05b	0.17±0.14b	0.11±0.05b
TP/（g·kg^-1）	0.10±0.00b	0.08±0.00c	0.31±0.00a	0.31±0.00a	0.31±0.00a
C:N	36.40±13.54c	9.70±4.45c	142.04±51.77ab	58.91±22.92bc	155.37±52.85a
C:P	57.78±16.60a	48.88±21.69a	47.01±5.58a	27.72±13.61a	50.04±4.94a
N:P	1.61±0.14b	5.06±0.08a	0.36±0.17c	0.56±0.45c	0.35±0.15c

解释变量	解释率/%	贡献率/%	F	P
SBD	56.0	64.1	16.5	0.002
SOC	14.3	16.4	6.6	0.012
MAP	5.9	6.7	3.2	0.070
C:N	5.8	6.6	1.8	0.170
N/P	2.6	2.9	1.2	0.290
pH	1.0	1.2	0.5	0.620
TP	0.9	1.0	0.4	0.676
C:P	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.840
TN	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.876