蛇麻黄和沙蒿两种典型灌丛对藻类分布的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解生物结皮中藻类植物与维管植物的关系，通过野外采样和室内固体培养法，研究了古尔班通古特沙漠中蛇麻黄和沙蒿灌丛对藻类分布的影响。结果表明：在两种灌丛内外，藻类种类组成主要表现在优势物种和优势度的变化。藻类物种多样性在两种灌丛内外有一定的差异，蛇麻黄灌丛内藻类物种数及多样性指数显著低于灌丛外（P＜0.05），而沙蒿内藻类物种数显著高于灌丛外，多样性指数无明显差异。在群落结构中，蛇麻黄灌丛内蓝藻和丝状藻类物种数及优势度显著低于灌丛外（P＜0.05），但单细胞和球形种类的优势度变化趋势相反且变化极显著（P＜0.01）。沙蒿灌丛内蓝藻、单细胞和球形种类的物种数显著高于灌丛外；蓝藻和丝状藻类的优势度由灌丛内至灌丛外显著升高（P＜0.01），而绿藻、单细胞和球形种类则相反。在两种灌丛内外，藻类不同类群优势度的变化主要由一些关键物种引起，藻类在这两种灌丛中的不同分布特征可能是由于调节机制不同所致。

关键词: 蛇麻黄(Ephedra distachya), 沙蒿(Artemisia arenaria), 灌丛, 藻类, 种类组成, 物种多样性, 群落结构, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract: The effects of shrubs of Ephedra distachya and Artemisia arenaria on the distribution, species composition, species diversity and community structure of algae were investigated within and out of the shrubs of Ephedra distachya and Artemisia arenaria . The results showed that there was no obvious difference in species composition of algae within and out of the shrubs of E. distachya and A. arenaria. The difference was mainly represented by the change of dominant species of algae. There was a difference of species diversity for the two semishrub plants. Species diversity in the shrubs of E. distachya was lower significantly than that out of the semishrubs. However, number of algal taxa in the semishrubs of A. arenaria was higher significantly than that out of the shrubs, and there was no difference in ShannonWeaver index. In community structure, number of taxa and dominance degree of cyanobacteria and filamentous algae in the semishrubs of E. distachya were significant lower than those out of the shrubs (P<0.05). An opposite change trend was observed for unicellular and coccoid algae. However, for A. arenaria, numbers of taxa of cyanobacteria, green algae, diatom, filamentous algae, unicellular and coccoid algae in the semishrubs were higher significantly than those out of the shrubs. The dominance degree of cyanobacteria and filamentous algae increased significantly from the internal area to the external area of the shrubs (P<0.01). An opposite trend was observed for green algae, unicellular and coccoid algae. The change of dominance degree of different communities within and out of the two semishrubs was mainly caused by some key taxa. Different distribution of algae in the semishrubs of E. distachya andA. arenaria was possibly caused by different regulative mechanisms.

Key words: Ephedra distachya, Artemisia arenaria, shrub, algae, species composition, species diversity, community structure, Gurbantonggut Desert

王敬竹, 张丙昌, 张元明, 薛英. 蛇麻黄和沙蒿两种典型灌丛对藻类分布的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(2): 271-276.

WANG Jing-Zhu, ZHANG Bing-Chang, ZHANG Yuan-Ming, XUE Ying. Effects of Shrubs of Ephedra distachya and Artemisia arenaria on Algal Distribution[J]. , 2013, 30(2): 271-276.

参考文献

Belnap J,Harper K T,Warren S D.Surface disturbance of cryptobiotic soil crusts:Nitrogenase activity,chlorophy II content and chlorophy II degradation〔J〕.Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation,1994,8(1):1-8.
West N E.Structure and function of microphytic soil crusts in wildland ecosystems of arid to semiarid regions〔J〕.Advances in Ecology Research,1990,20:180-223.
Zhang Y M.The microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts in their early developmental stage〔J〕.Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(1):117-121.
Fermani P,Mataloni G,Van de Vijver B,et al.Soil microalgal communities on an antarctic active volcano (Deception Island,South Shetlands)〔J〕.Polar Biology,2007,30(11):1 381-1 393.
H[JP2]u C,Liu Y.Algae colonization and succession in desert soil〔J〕.Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere,2006,36:318-319.[JP]
胡春香.荒漠藻类及其结皮机理研究〔D〕.北京：中国科学院,1999:1-180.
陈兰周,刘永定,李敦海,等.荒漠藻类及其结皮的研究〔J〕.中国科学基金,2003,17(2):90-93.
张元明,陈晋,王雪芹,等.古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征〔J〕.地理学报,2005,60(1): 53-60.
张元明,杨维康,王雪芹,等.生物结皮影响下的土壤有机质分异特征〔J〕.生态学报,2005,25(12):3 420-3 425.
陈荣毅,张元明,潘伯荣,等.古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分空间分异与干扰的关系〔J〕.中国沙漠,2007,27(2):257-265.
李卫红,任天瑞,周智彬,等.新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的土壤理化特性分析〔J〕.冰川冻土,2005,27(4):619-626.
Wu N,Wang H L,Liang S M,et al.Tomporalspatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert〔J〕.Chinese Science Bulletin,2006(Suppl.1):124-131.
Zhang B C,Zhang Y M,Downing A,et al.Distribution and composition of cyanobacteria and microalgae associated with biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert,China〔J〕.Arid Land Research and Management,2011,25(3):275-293.
Zhang J,Zhang Y M,Alison D,et al.The influence of biological soil crusts on dew deposition in Gurbantunggut Desert,northwestern China〔J〕.Journal of Hydrology,2009,379(3/4):220-228.
陈荣毅,张元明,魏文寿,等.不同沙丘部位和不同结皮类型对土壤种子库的影响〔J〕.干旱区研究,2008,25(1):107-113.
Su Y G,Li X R,Chen Y W,et al.Carbon fixation of cyanobacterialalgal crusts after desert fixation and its implication to soil organic carbon accumulation in desert〔J〕.Land Degradation and Development,2011,doi:10.1002/LDR.1131.
Wu N,Zhang Y M,Downing A.Comparative study of nitrogenase activity in different types of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert〔J〕.Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73(9):828-833.
张元明,潘惠霞,潘伯荣.古尔班通古特沙漠不同地貌部位生物结皮的选择性分布〔J〕.水土保持学报,2004,18(4):61-64.
张立运,陈昌笃.论古尔班通古特沙漠植物多样性的一般特点〔J〕.生态学报,2002,22(11):1 923-1 932.
唐金,李霞,赵钊,等.荒漠植物多样性及优势种群空间格局对环境响应分析：以古尔班通古特沙漠为例〔J〕.新疆农业科学,2010,47(10):2 084-2 090.
刘彤,赵新俊,贾亚敏,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘心叶驼绒黎种群更新的空间格局〔J〕.中国沙漠,2008,28(2):258-265.〔Liu Tong,Zhao Xinjun,Jia .
钱亦兵,吴兆宁,张立运,等.古尔班通古特沙漠生境对植物群落格局的影响〔J〕.地理学报,2004,59(6):895-902.
张涛,田长彦,孙羽,等.古尔班通古特沙漠地区短命植物土壤种子库研究〔J〕.干旱区地理,2006,29(5):675-681.
张道远,马文宝,施翔,等.准噶尔无叶豆的地理分布、群落学特征及生物生态学特征〔J〕.中国沙漠,2008,28(3):430-436.
Zhang Y M,Wu N,Zhang B C,et al.Species composition,distribution patterns and ecological functions of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert〔J〕.Journal of Arid Land,2010,2(3):180-189.[JP]
张元明，聂华丽.生物土壤结皮对准噶尔盆地5种荒漠植物幼苗生长与元素吸收的影响〔J〕.植物生态学报，2011,35 (4):380-388.
陈荣毅,魏文寿,张元明,等.干旱区生物土壤结皮对种子植物多样性的影响〔J〕.中国沙漠,2008,28(5):868-873.
王雪芹,张元明,王远超,等.古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮小尺度分异的环境特征〔J〕.中国沙漠,2006,26(5):711-716.
吴楠,张元明,张静,等.生物结皮恢复过程中土壤生态因子分异特征〔J〕.中国沙漠,2007,27(3):397-404.
胡春香,刘永定.宁夏回族自治区沙坡头地区半荒漠土壤中藻类的垂直分布〔J〕.生态学报,2003,23(1):38-44.
孙儒泳,李庆芬.基础生态学〔M〕.北京：高等教育出版社,2002：137-147.
左小安,赵学勇,赵哈林,等.沙地退化植被恢复过程中灌木发育对草本植物和土壤的影响〔J〕.生态环境学报,2009,18(2):643-647.
Hu C X,liu Y D.Primary succession of algae community structure in desert soil〔J〕.Acta Botanica Sinica,2003,45(8):917-924.
张宏,史培军,郑秋红.半干旱地区天然草地灌丛化与土壤异质性关系研究进展〔J〕.植物生态学报,2001,25(3):366-370
谢作明.荒漠藻类对紫外辐射的响应及其结皮形成的研究〔D〕.北京：中国科学院,2006:1-158.

[1]	苏宇琦, 马苏力娅, 李雨凡, 韦秋雨, 王洪峰, 李文军. 吉尔吉斯斯坦受威胁维管植物物种多样性及其分布格局[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(8): 1405-1412.
[2]	李鑫鑫, 毛东雷, 来风兵, 薛杰, 何强强, 马玉娇. 策勒河下游风积地貌沉积物粒度特征及沙源分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(8): 1413-1422.
[3]	宋达成, 马全林, 刘世权, 魏林源, 吴昊, 段晓峰, 郭树江. 民勤黏土沙障-人工梭梭林物种多样性及土壤水分变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(4): 618-628.
[4]	李小锋, 惠婷婷, 李耀明, 毛洁菲, 王光宇, 范连连. 不同放牧管理方式对新疆山地草原植物群落特征的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(1): 124-134.
[5]	王理德, 宋达成, 李广宇, 赵赫然, 郑克文. 双龙沟矸石治理过程中植物群落演替及物种多样性研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(8): 1294-1303.
[6]	李娟, 刘阳, 刘光琇, 程亮, 郭青云, 张威, 章高森. 鄯善库木塔格沙漠北缘细菌群落结构特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(8): 1358-1368.
[7]	王思淇, 张建军, 张彦勤, 赵炯昌, 胡亚伟, 李阳, 唐鹏, 卫朝阳. 晋西黄土区不同密度刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1141-1151.
[8]	乔静娟, 左小安, 岳平, 王国林, 王景圆, 王泽宙. 养分添加与干扰对荒漠草原群落组成及构建的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(6): 958-970.
[9]	闫晴, 李菊艳, 尹忠东, 刘金苗, 柳宏才. 典型株型沙生灌丛对风沙流场影响的数值模拟[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 785-797.
[10]	许毓哲, 林涛, 李君. 替代稳态下阜康北部荒漠生态弹性的时空格局[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 808-817.
[11]	薛智暄, 张丽, 王新军, 李永康, 张冠宏, 李沛尧. 古尔班通古特沙漠SMAP土壤水分产品降尺度分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(4): 583-593.
[12]	魏亚娟, 党晓宏, 汪季, 韩彦隆, 解云虎, 蔺博. 吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆形态示量特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 403-411.
[13]	吴蕊, 曹红雨, 高广磊, 于明含, 丁国栋, 张英, 赵珮杉. 科尔沁沙地水盐处理对油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落及植株生理特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(12): 1938-1948.
[14]	李小乐,魏亚娟,党晓宏,戴玉芝,翟波,迟旭,吴惠敏. 红砂灌丛沙堆土壤粒度组成及养分积累特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3): 933-942.
[15]	张巧关,张道远,刘会良. 新疆葱属植物区系地理特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 522-540.