密花柽柳的两季开花结实及其生态意义

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 335-340.

密花柽柳的两季开花结实及其生态意义

严成¹, 魏岩², 王磊²

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2010-07-26 修回日期:2010-09-15 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
作者简介:严成(1965- ),男,山东威海人,副研究员,主要从事植物生态学研究. E-mail: yancheng@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30770374);教育部新世纪优秀人才支撑计划(CET-05-898);国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAC17B03)资助

Ecological Significance of Bi-seasonal Flowering and Fruiting of Tamarix arceuthoides

YAN Cheng¹, WEI Yan², WANG Lei²

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
2. College of Pratacuhural and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2010-07-26 Revised:2010-09-15 Online:2011-04-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对分布于新疆荒漠地区的密花柽柳开花物候、传粉及结实特性进行了比较研究。结果表明:①密花柽柳一年有2个独立的花期——春花期和夏花期;春花花期短,仅为11d,为集中开花模式;夏花花期长,为69d,但每天开花数量比春花期少,为持续开花模式。②春花和夏花都有自交亲和性,套袋实验表明,春花和夏花都能进行风媒传粉和虫媒传粉。③夏花期访花昆虫种类比春花期多,主要为小茧蜂和甲虫类昆虫,而春花期的主要访花昆虫为蜜蜂和食蚜蝇。④自然状况下春花期的结实率高于夏花期,春花期和夏花期果实的成熟期短,分别为12d和7d,能够快速产生种子,形成持续开花和持续散布种子的格局。密花柽柳特殊的两季开花结实特性作为植物对环境的一种适应方式,对于诠释荒漠地区植物特殊的适应机制具有重要价值。

关键词: 密花柽柳(Tamarix arceuthoides), 春花期, 夏花期, 物候, 传粉, 结实, 新疆

Abstract: In this paper, the flowering-biological and pollination-ecological properties of Tamarix arceuthoides in a desert in Xinjiang are studied. The results are as follows: (1) T. arceuthoides plants flower twice a year in spring and summer. The spring flowering period is shorter (11 days only) than the summer one, the spring flowering belongs to a mass-flowering pattern, but the summer flowering is an extended-flowering pattern; (2) It is found that T. arceuthoides is self-compatible, but it lacks the self-pollination mechanism, so it needs pollination media. T. arceuthoides plants are pollinated mostly by insects during the spring flowering period but mostly by wind during the summer one; (3) During the summer flowering period, the flowers are visited by both bees (Bracohidae) and beetles, but they are visited almost by bees (Apis indica and Bracohidae) and flies (Syrphidae) during the spring one; (4) Fruiting rate of T. arceuthoides plants during the spring flowering period is much higher than that during the summer one under natural conditions, and T. arceuthoides plants produce seeds quickly in a short fruiting period (12-7days) during both spring and summer flowering periods. T. arceuthoides plants adapt their environment by their unique way, and the bi-seasonal flowering of T. arceuthoides plants is of significance for understanding the adaptation mechanism to habitats.

Key words: Tamarix arceuthoides, spring flowering, summer flowering, phenology, pollination, fruiting, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

Q945.6

严成, 魏岩, 王磊. 密花柽柳的两季开花结实及其生态意义[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(2): 335-340.

YAN Cheng, WEI Yan, WANG Lei. Ecological Significance of Bi-seasonal Flowering and Fruiting of Tamarix arceuthoides[J]. , 2011, 28(2): 335-340.

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