盐碱土微生物功能群季节动态与土壤理化因子的关系

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取河西走廊东端永登县6种盐碱土壤类型,对各样地微生物功能群的季节动态与土壤理化因子之间的关系进行分析。结果表明:①盐碱环境中土壤细菌>放线菌>真菌,细菌和放线菌数量在夏季出现峰值,真菌数量在秋季和冬季出现峰值;不同微生物功能群基本上只有一个峰值且峰值出现的季节不同,与碳循环相关的纤维素分解菌功能群的峰值出现在冬季,与氮循环相关的微生物功能群一般在夏季或秋季出现峰值;②硝化细菌数量和反硝化细菌数量是影响土壤理化因子的主要因素,土壤有效磷是影响微生物量的主导因子;③用土壤理化因子对各种微生物功能群进行逐步回归分析,可得到理想的方程;④可以将有机质、pH和有效磷含量作为该地区土壤肥力特性的重要因子来考虑,微生物量对土壤肥力特性有一定的贡献。

关键词: 盐碱土, 土壤微生物, 季节动态, 土壤理化因子, 永登县, 河西走廊

Abstract: The seasonal trends of different microbial functional groups in saline-alkali soil and their relationship with soil physicochemical factors were studied. The soil samples were collected from 6 typical sample plots of different saline-alkali soils in the east Hexi Corridor. The results are as follows: (1) In the saline-alkali soils, the number of three microbial groups, bacteria, actinomyces and fungi, was in an order of bacteria > actinomyces > fungi. The maximum values of bacteria and actinomyces appeared in summer, while the maximum value of fungi appeared in autumn and winter. The peak of cellulose decomposers related to carbon cycle appeared in winter, but the peaks of microbial functional groups related to nitrogen cycle appeared usually in summer or autumn; (2) Numbers of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were the main factors affecting soil physicochemical properties, and soil available phosphate content was the dominant factor affecting microbial biomass; (3) The ideal regression equations for analyzing the relations between soil microbial functional groups and soil physicochemical factors were obtained by using stepwise regression method; (4) Soil organic matter content, pH value and available phosphate content were considered as the important factors affecting soil fertility. Soil microbial biomass had a certain contribution to soil fertility.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, soil microbial functional group, seasonal trend, soil physiochemical factor, Yongdeng County, Hexi Corridor

中图分类号:

Q938.1

牛世全, 杨婷婷, 李君锋, 达文燕, 杨建文. 盐碱土微生物功能群季节动态与土壤理化因子的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(2): 328-334.

NIU Shi-quan, YANG Ting-ting, LI Jun-feng, DA Wen-yan, YANG Jian-wen. Seasonal Trends of Microbial Functional Groups in Saline-alkali Soil and Their Relationship with Soil Physicochemical Factors in the East Hexi Corridor[J]. , 2011, 28(2): 328-334.

参考文献

[1] 张静,王清,李晓茹,等.利用硫氧化细菌改良盐碱土[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版, 2009,39(1):147-151.[Zhang Jing,Wang Qing,Li Xiaoru,et al.Research on improving the saline-sodic soil by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(1):147-151.]

[2] 刘春阳,何文寿,何进智,等.盐碱地改良利用研究进展[J].农业科学研究,2007,28(2):68-71.[Liu Chunyang,He Wenshou,He Jinzhi,et al.Progress of improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2007,28(2):68-71.]

[3] 黄明勇,杨剑芳,王怀锋,等.天津滨海盐碱土地区城市绿地土壤微生物特性研究[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1 131-1 135.[Huang Mingyong,Yang Jianfang,Wang Huaifeng,et al.Microbial properties in urban soils in coastal alkali-saline area of Tianjin[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(6):1 131-1 135.]

[4] 薛云兴,付晓辉,冯海燕,等.山东省东明县盐碱土分析及防治[J].资源与产业,2006,8(5):109-114.[Xue Yunxing,Fu Xiaohui,Feng Haiyan,et al.The analysis and prevention of saline-alkali soil in Dongming,Shandong[J].Resources & Ndustries,2006,8(5):109-114.]

[5] 王栓庄,徐树贞.麦田秸秆覆盖的作用及其节水效应的初步研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1989,17(2):7-15.[Wang Shuanzhuang,Xu Shuzhen.Effect of straw mulch in wheat fields and preliminary study of water economization[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,1989,17(2):7-15.]

[6] 李新举,张志国,李永昌.秸秆覆盖对盐渍土水分状况影响的模拟研究[J].土壤通报,1999,30(4):176-177.[Li Xinju,Zhang Zhiguo,Li Yongchang.Simulation study on influence of straw mulch on saline-alkali soil moisture condition[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1999,30(4):176-177.]

[7] 石德成,赵可夫.NaCl,Na₂CO₃胁迫下星星草根际K⁺,Na⁺,Ca²⁺的生理行为[J].应用与环境生物学报,1997,3(2):112-118.[Shi Decheng,Zhao Kefu.Physiological behavior of K⁺,Na⁺ and Ca⁺ in the rhizosphere of NaCl and Na₂CO₃ stressed Puccinellia tenuiflora[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,1997,3(2):112-118.]

[8] Huang J.Genetic engineering of giycine betaine production toward enhancing stress tolerance in plants:Metabolic limitations[J].Plant Physiology,2000,122:747-756.

[9] 邵玉琴,赵吉.库布齐固定沙丘土壤微生物数量与土壤生态因子的研究[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,1997,28(5):715-719.[Shao Yuqin,Zhao Ji.Study on soil microbial numbers and soil ecological factor in fixed dunes in the East Hobq Sands of Neimongol[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University,1997,28(5):715-719.]

[10] Kennedy A C,Smith K L.Soil microbial diversity and the sustainability of agricultural soils[J].Plant Soil,1995,170:75-86.

[11] 王国惠,于鲁冀.细菌生理群的研究及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):128-133.[Wang Guohui,Yu Luji.The study and its ecological significance on physiological groups of bacteria[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,1999,19(1):128-133.]

[12] 刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.[Liu Zhanfeng,Fu Bojie,Liu Guohua,et al.Soil quality:Concept,indicators and its assessmen[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2006,26(3):901-913.]

[13] Schipper L A,Degens B P,Sparling G P,et al.Changes in microbial heterotrophic diversity along five plant successional sequences[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:2 093-2 103.

[14] Bardgett R D,McAlister E.The measurement of soil fungal:Bacterial biomass ratios as an indicator of ecosystem self-regulation in temperate meadow grasslands[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,29:282-290.

[15] 许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:123-125.[Xu Guanghui,Zheng Hongyuan.Manual of Analytical Methods for Soil Microorganisms[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1986:123-125.]

[16] 赵斌,何绍江.微生物学实验[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.[Zhao Bin,He Shaojiang.Microbiology Experiment[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.]

[17] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.[Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences Edit.Analytical Methods of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1978.]

[18] 劳家柽.土壤农化分析手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.[Lao Jiacheng .Manual of Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1988.]

[19] 唐启义,冯明光.DPS数据处理系统——实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.[Tang Qiyi,Feng Minggang.DPS Data Processing System—Experimental Design Statistical Analysis and Data Mining[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.]

[20] 王少昆,赵学勇,左小安,等.科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及季节动态[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(4):610-615.[Wang Shaokun,Zhao Xueyong,Zuo Xiao'an,et al.Vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics of soil microbial number in sandy grass land of Horqin[J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(4):610-615.]

[21] 许光辉,郑洪元,张德生,等.长白山北坡自然保护区森林土壤微生物生态分布及其生化特性的研究[J].生态学报,1984,4(3):207-222.[Xu Guanghui,Zheng Hongyuan,Zhang Desheng,et al.Study on ecological distribution and biochemical properties of forest soil microorganisms on the northern slope of the Changbaishan Mountain natural reserve[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,1984,4(3):207-222.]

[22] 陈华癸,李阜棣,陈文新,等.土壤微生物学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1981:80-81.[Chen Huagui,Li Fudi,Chen Wenxin,et al.Soil Microbiology[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1981:80-81.]

[23] 周军,肖炜,钦佩.互花米草入侵对盐沼土壤微生物生物量和功能群的影响[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,2007,43(5):494-500.[Zhou Jun,Xiao Wei,Qin Pei.Effect of an alien species (Spartina alterniflora) on soil microbial biomass and functional groups in salt marshes[J].Journal of Nanjing University :Natural Sciences Edition,2007,43(5):494-500.]

[24] 刁治民.高寒草地的微生物氮素生理群区系研究[J].土壤,1996,28(1):49-53.[Diao Zhimin.Study on the flora of nitrogen bacteria groups in alpine meadow[J].Soils,1996,28(1):49-53.]

[25] 罗明,邱沃.新疆平原荒漠盐渍草地土壤微生物生态分布的研究[J].中国草地,1995,17(5):29-33.[Luo Ming,Qiu Wo.The ecological distribution of soil microorganisms in desert saline grassland in Xinjiang[J].Grassland of China,1995,17 (5):29-33.]

[26] 靳正忠,雷加强,徐新文,等.沙漠腹地咸水滴灌林地土壤养分、微生物量和酶活性的典型相关关系[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1 119-1 127.[Jin Zhengzhong,Lei Jiaqiang,Xu Xinwen,et al.Canonical correlations of soil nutrients,microbial biomass and enzyme activity of forest land drip-irrigated with saline water in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J].Acta Pedologica Snica,2008,45(6):1 119-1 127.]

[27] Statheropoulos M,Vassiliadis N,Pappa A.Principal component and canonical correlation analysis for examining air pollution and meteorological data[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(6):1 087-1 095.