基于激光云高仪观测的伊犁河谷云宏观特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2022—2023年新疆伊犁河谷地区新源站和伊宁站两个站点的激光云高仪观测资料，结合地形及气候条件统计并分析两个区域云出现频率（Cloud Frequency，CF）、云层数和云底高度出现频率（Cloud Base Height Occurrence Frequency，CBHOF）等云宏观参数；并且利用雨滴谱数据对降水云进行分类及特征分析。结果表明：（1）两个站点云宏观参数存在许多共性特征。新源站和伊宁站CF日变化均表现为白天云少、晚上云多的单峰型，夏季受太阳辐射昼夜差异较大的影响，日变幅比其他季节大。两个站点CF年平均值约为35%，高云全年偏少。夏季中云多、低云少，蒸散发强烈，可能是形成干旱多发季的原因。11月─次年3月中云略低于低云。（2）两个站点的云宏观特征差异主要受水汽输送和地形强迫影响。两个站点主要以单层云为主，受水汽和地形垂直抬升影响，新源站比伊宁站更容易产生双层云和多层云。CBHOF存在显著季节差异，春秋季云分布特征倾向不显著，夏季以中云为主，冬季两地低云集中且峰值高度差异显著。（3）伊犁河谷地区东侧降水多于西侧，地区层状云降水显著多于对流云降水。受地形抬升作用，新源站对流云垂直发展更为旺盛，其对流强度明显高于伊宁站。两地层状云特征受地形影响较小，差异不显著。

关键词: 激光云高仪, 日变化, 云底高度, 地形, 对流云, 伊犁河谷

Abstract:

Based on laser ceilometer observations from 2022 to 2023 at two stations, Xinyuan and Yining, in the Ili River Valley region, Xinjiang, China, this study statistically analyzed and compared cloud frequency (CF), number of cloud layers, and cloud base height occurrence frequency (CBHOF), incorporating topographic and climatic features. Precipitation clouds were further categorized using raindrop spectral data. The results indicated that the following: (1) Both stations exhibited significant commonalities in cloud macroscopic characteristics. The daily variation in CF at the two stations followed a single-peak pattern, with less cloud cover during the daytime and more cloud cover at night. This diurnal pattern was more pronounced in summer owing to the marked solar radiation variability. The annual average CF remained approximately 35% at both sites, With high-level CF consistently low throughout the year. Increased midlevel cloud cover and reduced low-level clouds during summer, coupled with intensified evapotranspiration, may drive seasonal drought prevalence. Low-level clouds slightly dominated from November to March. (2) Differences in macroscopic cloud properties between the two stations were primarily modulated by water vapor transport regimes and topographic forcing. Both sites predominantly featured single-layer clouds. However, with abundant water vapor and orographic uplift, the Xinyuan station exhibited a higher propensity for generating double-and multi-layer clouds than that of the Yining station. CBHOF exhibited significant seasonal variation: minimal changes occurred during spring and autumn, summer was dominated by mid-level clouds, and winter was characterized by concentrated low clouds with significant peak height differences between the two stations owing to topographic and moisture transport effects. (3) The eastern Ili River Valley received more precipitation than the west, with stratiform precipitation greatly exceeding convective precipitation. Convective clouds at the Xinyuan station exhibited stronger vertical growth and intensity than those at the Yining station, attributed to localized orographic lifting. In contrast, stratiform clouds exhibited similar characteristics at both stations, indicating that topography exerted negligible differential influence on their formation.

Key words: laser ceilometer, daily variation, cloud base height, topography, convective cloud, Ili River Valley

李紫萌, 杨莲梅, 阿不都外力·阿不力克木. 基于激光云高仪观测的伊犁河谷云宏观特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(8): 1404-1414.

LI Zimeng, YANG Lianmei, Abuduwaili ABULIKEMU. Macroscopic characterization of clouds in the Ili River Valley based on laser ceilometer observations[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(8): 1404-1414.

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参数名称	参数值
工作频率	10 GHz
脉冲宽度	100 ns
光束半发散角	0.35 mrad
波长	912±5 nm
最大探测范围	10 km
空间分辨率	5 m
时间分辨率	1 min
探测云层数	4层

研究区	年份	2022年	2023年	平均值
新源站	单层云	79.10	80.45	79.78
	双层云	15.01	13.62	14.32
	多层云	5.89	5.92	5.91
伊宁站	单层云	84.65	84.38	84.52
	双层云	13.28	13.65	13.47
	多层云	2.07	1.96	2.02