甘南黄河上游植被覆盖度时空变化与地形因子的关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 甘南黄河上游植被覆盖度在维持高寒生态系统结构稳定和涵养水源等方面发挥着重要的作用，探究植被覆盖度的时空变化及其与地形因子的关系，揭示其植被的时空分布规律，可以更好地理解高寒植被生态系统的动态和功能，为维护生态平衡及植被恢复提供理论支持。本文基于甘南黄河上游1990—2020年4期Landsat影像及数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model，DEM）数据，采用像元二分模型、叠加分析、地理探测器等方法，对研究区域的植被覆盖度时空变化及其地形因子的相关性进行研究。结果表明：（1） 1990—2020年甘南黄河上游地区的植被覆盖度经历了从退化到恢复，再到显著提升的过程；研究区中高植被覆盖度（0.6~0.8）所占的比例最多，占总面积的77.68%。（2） 1990—2020年研究区植被覆盖度呈现出显著的改善趋势，其中，植被覆盖度改善的区域（Slope>0）约占总面积的91.26%，远大于退化区域（Slope<0）的面积。（3）地形因子对植被覆盖度的解释力存在显著差异，海拔是植被覆盖度的主要驱动因子，坡度、坡向和海拔等地形因子交互作用的解释力高于单因子。（4）研究区的植被覆盖度随海拔和坡度的增加都呈先上升后下降的单峰模式；南坡植被覆盖度最高，东北坡相对较低，在时间序列上北到西南方向植被覆盖度面积呈现萎缩状态，而西南、西及西北方向的面积在增大。研究结果可为甘南黄河上游生态保护及高质量发展提供科学支撑。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 地理探测器, 时空变化, 地形因子, 甘南黄河上游

Abstract:

Vegetation cover in the Upper Yellow River in Gannan plays an important role in maintaining the structural stability of the alpine ecosystem and conserving water sources. Exploring the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation cover and its relationship with topographic factors and characterizing the spatiotemporal distribution of vegetation can deepen our understanding of the dynamics and functions of the alpine vegetation ecosystem and provide theoretical support for maintaining ecological balance and restoring vegetation. This paper is based on four periods of Landsat images and Digital Elevation Model data for 1990-2020 at the Upper Yellow River in Gannan, used a pixel dichotomous model, superposition analysis, geographic detector, intensively study the spatiotemporal changes of vegetation coverage and the correlation of topographic features in the study area. The results showed the following: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the vegetation coverage in the Upper Yellow River in Gannan experienced a transition from degradation to recovery and then to significant improvement. The area with medium and high vegetation coverage (0.6-0.8) constituted the largest proportion, accounting for 77.68% of the total study area. (2) Between 1990 and 2020, the vegetation coverage in the study area showed a significant improvement trend. Among them, the area where vegetation coverage improved (Slope>0) accounted for approximately 91.26% of the total area, which was much larger than the area where it declined (Slope<0). (3) There were significant differences in the explanatory power of the topographic factors for vegetation coverage. Elevation is the main driving factor for vegetation coverage, and the explanatory power of the interaction of topographic factors such as slope, slope direction, and elevation is greater than that of a single factor. (4) Vegetation cover in the study area showed a single-peak pattern of increasing and then decreasing with both elevation and slope; the highest vegetation cover was found on southerly slopes, while the lowest was on northeasterly slopes. In the time series, the area of vegetation coverage from the north to the southwest shows a shrinking trend, while the areas in the southwest, west and northwest directions are increasing. The results of this study can provide scientific support for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Upper Yellow River in Gannan.

Key words: vegetation coverage, geographical detector, space-time changes, topographic factor, the Upper Yellow River in Gannan

张起鹏, 路红娥, 赵頔琛, 卓玛兰草. 甘南黄河上游植被覆盖度时空变化与地形因子的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 523-522.

ZHANG Qipeng, LU Honge, ZHAO Dichen, Zhuomalancao . Relationship between temporal and spatial changes of vegetation coverage and topographic factors in the Upper Yellow River in Gannan[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(3): 523-522.

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地形因子	解释力p	q
海拔	0.088	0.000
坡度	0.014	0.033
坡向	0.010	0.058