中国西北地区逆温时空变化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2022—2023年19个探空站点的资料，探究西北地区对流层低、中和高层逆温时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）在月变化上，西北地区低、中和高层的逆温特征具有一致性，在12月和次年1—2月最大，6—8月最小。（2）在空间分布上，低、中和高层的逆温特征空间分布差异显著。低层逆温中，新疆北部地区低层逆温频率最大，为40%~60%；陕西北部地区低层逆温厚度最厚，为90 m以上；新疆大部分地区低层逆温强度较强，为2~3 ℃。中层逆温中，青海中层逆温频率最大，为40%~50%，中层逆温频率呈现出青海地区向外递减趋势。高层逆温中，新疆北部地区高层逆温特征尤为显著，高层逆温频率呈现以新疆北部地区为中心，向四周递减的分布趋势。（3）西北地区低层逆温的发生与地面辐射、地形有关，中层逆温的发生与暖平流、下沉运动有关，高层逆温的发生可能与温带对流层顶和臭氧有关。（4）受太阳辐射和地面辐射冷却影响，西北地区夏季0 ℃层高度以下，逆温强度强；0 ℃层高度以上，逆温强度弱。

关键词: 逆温, 对流层, 时空变化, 形成原因, 0 ℃层高度, 西北地区

Abstract:

Based on the data from 19 sounding stations in 2022-2023, this study investigates the temporal and spatial variations of the temperature inversions in the lower, middle, and upper troposphere in northwest China. The results indicated the following: (1) In terms of monthly variations, inversions across all three tropospheric levels exhibit similar patterns, peaking in December and January-February of the following year and reaching a minimum from June to August. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, among the low-level inversions, low-level inversions were most frequent in northern Xinjiang, at 40%-60%; the greatest thickness of low-level inversions was observed in northern Shanxi, exceeding 90 m; the intensity of low-level inversions was stronger in most areas of Xinjiang, ranging from 2 ℃ and 3 ℃. For mid-level inversions, their frequency was highest in Qinghai and decrease outward from this region. High-level inversions were most pronounced in northern Xinjiang, with their frequency decreasing outward from this region. (3) The occurrence of low-level inversions in northwest China is influenced by surface radiation and topography, the occurrence of mid-level inversions is associated with warm advection and subsidence movement, and the occurrence of high-level inversions may be related to the top of the temperate troposphere and ozone. (4) In the summer of northwest China, influenced by solar radiation and surface cooling. below the 0 ℃ isotherm height, the intensity of inversions is stronger; above the 0 ℃ isotherm height, the inversions have weaker intensity.

Key words: temperature inversion, troposphere, spatial and temporal variation, formation reason, 0 ℃ isotherm height, Northwest China

沙贝宁, 杨余辉, 黄佛君, 叶茂. 中国西北地区逆温时空变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 397-408.

SHA Beining, YANG Yuhui, HUANG Fojun, YE Mao. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the temperature inversion in Northwest China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(3): 397-408.

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站点编号	站点名称	夏季0 ℃ 层高度 /m	夏季0 ℃层高度以下逆温强度/℃	夏季0 ℃层高度以上逆温强度/℃
51076	阿勒泰	3828	2.3	3.81
51644	库车	4665	2.54	0.7
51709	喀什	4941	1.27	0.77
51828	和田	5228	0.95	0.73
51839	民丰	5202	2.6	0.61
52203	哈密	4641	1.94	0.72
52323	马鬃山	4716	1.29	0.51
52681	民勤	4970	1.3	0.32
52983	榆中	5069	0.75	0.24
53915	崆峒	4972	0.89	0.2
56080	合作	5159	0.5	0.18
52818	格尔木	5494	0.46	0.37
52836	都兰	5468	0.68	0.37
52866	西宁	5044	0.46	0.36
56029	玉树	5599	0.66	0.17
53614	银川	4872	1.12	0.3
53845	延安	4770	1.33	0.21
57127	汉中	5148	0.88	0.23
57131	泾河	5043	0.82	0.2