横向垄状微地形近地表风速脉动特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.15

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 933-943.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.15 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250515

横向垄状微地形近地表风速脉动特征

李秀明¹^,²(), 贾文茹³^,⁴^,⁵(), 李生宇³^,⁴^,⁵, 王翠⁶, 王世杰³^,⁴^,⁵

1.河北地质大学管理学院，河北石家庄 050031
2.河北省科协智库地学旅游与乡村振兴研究基地，河北石家庄 050031
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
5.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，莫索湾沙漠研究站，新疆石河子 832011
6.内蒙古科技大学包头师范学院，内蒙古包头 014030

收稿日期:2024-11-20 修回日期:2025-03-02 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-10-22
通讯作者: 贾文茹. E-mail: jiawenru@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:李秀明（1982-），男，副教授，主要从事地貌演化与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: lixiuming010@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2024D01A142);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目5(2024A03010-5);国家自然科学基金项目(42101010);国家自然科学基金项目(42361001)

Characteristics of wind velocity pulsation of transverse ridge microtopography

LI Xiuming¹^,²(), JIA Wenru³^,⁴^,⁵(), LI Shengyu³^,⁴^,⁵, WANG Cui⁶, WANG Shijie³^,⁴^,⁵

1. School of Management, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
2. Geo-tourism and Rural Revitalization Research Base of Hebei Provincial Association for Science and Technology Think Tanks, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. National Engineering Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
5. Mosuo Bay Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shihezi 832011, Xinjiang, China
6. Baotou Teachers’ College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-11-20 Revised:2025-03-02 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-10-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风速脉动是影响近地表风速和侵蚀力的主要空气动力学因子，研究垄状微地形近地表风速脉动特征对理解垄作农田的防风蚀效应至关重要。本文利用风洞模拟试验测量了垄状微地形条件下的近地表风速，分析了不同高度和间距组合下的风速脉动特征。结果表明：从上风向垄顶到下风向垄顶，贴地层的风速脉动强度（u_v）先急剧下降而后逐渐增加，并在下风向垄前再次减小。不同来流摩阻风速（u_*）下，风速脉动强度最大值（u_v_{_max}）在0.59~2.42 m·s^-1之间，且大多出现在测点3H~5H（H：垄高）之间，垄间平均风速脉动强度（u_v_{_ave}）随测量高度和垄间距增加先增大后减小，最大值出现的高度约与垄高相当。u_v_{_ave}随来流摩阻风速（u_*）和垄高增加总体增大。1 cm高度u_v_{_ave}随垄密度增大呈指数规律减小，随u_*增加呈线性关系增大。垄间平均风速脉动强度（u_v_{_ave}）的变化规律可揭示风蚀分布的差异，垄密度控制在1~2行·m^-1时，可有效提高防风蚀效果。

关键词: 风速脉动, 脉动强度, 垄状微地形, 防风蚀, 风洞试验

Abstract:

Wind velocity pulsation is the primary aerodynamic factor affecting near-surface wind velocity and erosive force. It is of great significance to study the wind velocity pulsation characteristics near-surface of ridge microtopography for understanding the wind erosion prevention effect of ridge farmland. This paper used wind tunnel experiment to measure the near-surface wind velocity under ridge microtopography conditions，and analyzed the characteristics of the wind velocity pulsation. The results showed that wind velocity pulsation intensity (u_v) near-surface first sharply decreases and then gradually increases from the top of the upwind ridge to the top of the downwind ridge, and then decreases again before the downwind ridge. The maximum intensity of wind velocity pulsation (u_v_{_max}) under different incoming wind velocities is between 0.59 m·s^-1 and 2.42 m·s^-1, with most occurrences between measuring points 3H and 5H (H: ridge height). The average intensity of wind velocity pulsation (u_v_{_ave}) between adjacent ridges increases initially and then decreases with the increase of measurement height and ridge spacing, with the u_v_{_max} appearing at a height approximately equivalent to the ridge height. u_v_{_ave} showes an increasing trend with increasing incoming frictional wind velocity and ridge height. The u_v_{_ave} at a height of 1 cm decreases exponentially with increasing ridge density, and increases linearly with increasing incoming frictional wind velocity. The variation pattern of the u_v_{_ave} can reveal the differences in wind erosion distribution. When the ridge density is controlled within 1-2 ridges·m^-1, it can effectively enhance the effectiveness of wind erosion prevention.

Key words: wind velocity pulsation, pulsation intensity, ridge microtopography, wind erosion prevention, wind tunnel experiment

李秀明, 贾文茹, 李生宇, 王翠, 王世杰. 横向垄状微地形近地表风速脉动特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 933-943.

LI Xiuming, JIA Wenru, LI Shengyu, WANG Cui, WANG Shijie. Characteristics of wind velocity pulsation of transverse ridge microtopography[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 933-943.

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风速脉动强度	u_*/(m·s^-1)	垄间距
风速脉动强度	u_*/(m·s^-1)	5H	10H	15H	20H	25H
最大值	0.34	0.61	0.72	0.65	0.71	0.73
	0.42	0.71	0.82	0.73	0.83	0.91
	0.51	0.81	1.04	0.79	0.93	1.05
	0.59	0.88	1.03	0.9	1.12	1.15
	0.68	0.93	1.06	1.07	1.21	1.31
测点位置	0.34	1H	5H	7.5H	5H	5H
	0.42	2H	5H	7.5H	5H	5H
	0.51	1H	5H	3H	5H	5H
	0.59	2H	5H	3H	5H	5H
	0.68	1H	5H	3H	5H	5H
高度/cm	0.34	7.5	7.5	7.5	5	5
	0.42	7.5	7.5	7.5	5	5
	0.51	7.5	7.5	5	5	5
	0.59	7.5	7.5	5	5	5
	0.68	7.5	7.5	5	5	5

风速脉动强度	u_*/(m·s^-1)	垄间距
风速脉动强度	u_*/(m·s^-1)	5H	10H	15H	20H	25H
最大值	0.34	0.59	0.63	0.65	0.77	0.8
	0.42	0.76	0.82	0.84	0.95	0.94
	0.51	0.83	0.99	0.96	1.06	1.17
	0.59	0.97	1.16	1.08	1.26	1.40
	0.68	1.11	1.28	1.29	1.54	1.65
测点位置	0.34	3H	5H	5H	3H	7.5H
	0.42	4H	3H	5H	3H	5H
	0.51	3H	3H	5H	3H	5H
	0.59	3H	3H	3H	3H	5H
	0.68	3H	3H	3H	3H	3H
高度/cm	0.34	17.5	17.5	12.5	12.5	12.5
	0.42	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5
	0.51	12.5	10	12.5	10	12.5
	0.59	12.5	10	10	10	10
	0.68	12.5	10	10	10	12.5

风速脉动强度	u_*/(m·s^-1)	垄间距
风速脉动强度	u_*/(m·s^-1)	5H	10H	15H	20H	25H
最大值	0.34	1.04	1.18	1.28	1.34	1.04
	0.42	1.24	1.43	1.55	1.61	1.13
	0.51	1.46	1.54	1.75	1.89	1.36
	0.59	1.57	1.83	2.11	2.18	1.63
	0.68	1.79	1.98	2.23	2.42	1.71
测点位置	0.34	3H	3H	3H	5H	3H
	0.42	3H	5H	3H	3H	5H
	0.51	3H	3H	3H	5H	3H
	0.59	3H	3H	3H	3H	3H
	0.68	2H	3H	3H	5H	3H
高度/cm	0.34	17.5	17.5	20	20	17.5
	0.42	17.5	12.5	17.5	17.5	12.5
	0.51	17.5	12.5	17.5	15	12.5
	0.59	12.5	12.5	17.5	17.5	12.5
	0.68	12.5	12.5	12.5	15	12.5

横向垄状微地形近地表风速脉动特征

Characteristics of wind velocity pulsation of transverse ridge microtopography

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