降雨频率对甘南尕海湿草甸土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.06.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降雨是湿地水资源补给量和土壤呼吸的重要扰动因子，全球气候变化导致的未来极端降雨变率增大对湿地生态系统有着重要影响。为探究极端降雨频率下青藏高原湿草甸土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）含量及化学计量比的变化特征，本文以青藏高原东北边缘碌曲县尕海-则岔自然保护区境内的湿草甸土壤为研究对象，设置空白对照（CK：0 mm）、每周浇灌一次（DF1：25 mm×19次）、每两周浇灌一次（DF2：25 mm×9次）、每三周浇灌一次（DF3：25 mm×6次）和每四周浇灌一次（DF4：25 mm×4次）5种处理，分析极端降雨频率下0~40 cm土层土壤SOC、TN和TP化学计量特征的变化规律。结果表明：在不同降雨频率下，土壤SOC含量随降雨频率增加而增加，TN和TP含量则与之相反。在土壤垂直剖面上，SOC和TN含量均随土层深度增加而降低，TP含量随土层深度增加无显著变化；C:P和N:P均随土层加深有所降低，而C:N随土层加深无显著变化；C:N、C:P和N:P在不同降雨频率间差异不显著；此外，随着时间的推进，土壤SOC含量在生长季不同月份呈现先增后减的变化趋势，TN含量则呈现先减后增的变化趋势，而TP含量呈“M”型变化趋势。因此，随着全球降雨格局变化程度持续增加，较高的降雨频率会加剧高寒湿草甸浅层土壤氮磷含量的流失，造成高寒湿草甸水环境富营养化的危害加剧。

关键词: 青藏高原, 湿草甸, 土壤化学计量特征, 降雨频率

Abstract:

Rainfall is an important factor affecting water supply and soil respiration in wetland areas. Increases in extreme rainfall variability caused by global climate change are thus expected to impact wetland ecosystems. To investigate this, the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in response to altered rainfall frequencies (weekly, fortnightly, three-weekly, four-weekly, and control irrigation treatments) were assessed in a wet meadow in the Gahai-Zecha Nature Reserve on the north-eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The SOC was found to increase with increasing rainfall frequency, while TP and TN decreased. SOC and TN decreased with increasing soil depth and TP was inconsistent across the different soil layers. As a result, the ratios of C:P and N:P decreased with the soil layers, but the ratio of C:N did not show a significant change. The ratios of C:N, C:P, and N:P did not show significant responses to the rainfall treatments. The SOC, TN, and TP showed obvious seasonal variations, as the SOC showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, the TN showed a decreasing and then increasing trend, and the TP content showed an “M”-shaped decreasing trend. The results suggest that continuous changes in global rainfall, including an increased rainfall frequency, will aggravate the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the shallow soil of the alpine wet meadow, likely resulting in aggravated damage due to eutrophication in the water environment surrounding the alpine wet meadows.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wet meadows, soil stoichiometric characteristics, rainfall frequency

关宇淇, 李广, 潘雪, 徐国荣, 魏星星, 刘昊, 吴江琪. 降雨频率对甘南尕海湿草甸土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(6): 916-925.

GUAN Yuqi, LI Guang, PAN Xue, XU Guorong, WEI Xingxing, LIU Hao, WU Jiangqi. Effects of changing rainfall frequency on the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus ecostochimetrics in the Gahai wet meadow, Gannan[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(6): 916-925.

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方差来源		SOC	TN	TP	C:N	C:P	N:P
降雨频率	自由度	4	4	4	4	4	4
	F值	522.055	240.096	58.947	202.930	4.318	204.931
	P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000
土层	自由度	2	2	2	2	2	2
	F值	3341.065	119.452	11.545	66.519	133.260	9.001
	P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
月份	自由度	5	5	5	5	5	5
	F值	47.385	29.222	8.958	18.609	13.783	41.572
	P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
降雨频率×土层	自由度	8	8	8	8	8	8
	F值	16.471	21.120	13.321	207.342	11.465	25.543
	P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
降雨频率×月份	自由度	20	20	20	20	20	20
	F值	154.343	79.503	24.511	49.565	13.572	27.815
	P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
土层×月份	自由度	10	10	10	10	10	10
	F值	12.926	23.899	6.066	84.531	4.110	12.054
	P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
降雨频率×土层×月份	自由度	40	40	40	40	40	40
	F值	27.670	24.977	12.802	10.999	10.584	15.810
	P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000