黄土丘陵区覆沙坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.17

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 1166-1173.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.17

黄土丘陵区覆沙坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系

苏远逸^1,²(),冯朝红³,张扬¹,雷娜¹,张庭瑜¹

1.陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司,国土资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,陕西省土地整治工程技术研究中心,陕西西安 710075
2.西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安 710048
3.黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州 450003

收稿日期:2022-01-04 修回日期:2022-03-21 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-09-26
作者简介:苏远逸（1993-）,男,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀和水土保持方面的研究. E-mail: suyuanyi666@163.com
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-509);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-961)

Runoff and sediment yield and relationship between water and sediment of sand covered slope of loess hilly region

SU Yuanyi^1,²(),FENG Zhaohong³,ZHANG Yang¹,LEI Na¹,ZHANG Tingyu¹

1. Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co. Ltd. Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co. Ltd. Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi’an 710075, Shaanxi, China
2. Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China
3. Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China

Received:2022-01-04 Revised:2022-03-21 Online:2022-07-15 Published:2022-09-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过室内放水冲刷试验,对4种覆沙条件和3种径流坡长条件下的产流产沙过程及水沙关系特征进行了研究。结果表明：覆沙坡面的初始产流时间相比于黄土坡面明显延长,初始产流时间随着覆沙厚度的增加而增大,且产流量和产沙量峰值出现的时间存在不同步性。不同坡面的产流率在试验初期较小,随着产流历时的延长逐渐增大并且趋于稳定。黄土坡面的产沙率随产流历时的延长变化趋势较为平稳,覆沙坡面的产沙率波动范围较大。不同坡面的累积产沙量均随着累积产流量的增加而逐渐增大,并且两者之间呈幂函数关系。由于沙层具有一定的蓄水功能,导致覆沙坡面的侵蚀过程明显不同于黄土坡面,覆沙厚度是影响坡面侵蚀特征的重要因子,该研究为进一步揭示复合坡面的侵蚀特征提供科学依据。

关键词: 黄土, 覆沙坡面, 产流产沙, 水沙关系

Abstract:

The characteristics of runoff and sediment and runoff-sediment relationship under four overlying sand conditions and three runoff slope length conditions were studied by indoor water discharge scoring tests. Results showed that the initial runoff time of the sand-covered slope was significantly longer than that of the loess slope, and the initial runoff time increased with the increase of sand-covered thickness. In addition, the unsynchronized time of peak runoff and sediment was found. The runoff rate of different slopes was small at the beginning of the test, and it gradually increased and stabilized with the extension of the runoff time. The sediment rate of the loess slope had a stable trend with the extension of runoff time, whereas the sediment rate of the sand-covered slope had a larger fluctuation range. The accumulated sediment on different slopes increased gradually with the increase of accumulated runoff, and a power function relationship was observed between them. The sand layer had a certain water storage function; thus, the erosion process of the sand-covered slope was evidently different from that of the loess slope. The thickness of the sand cover is an important factor affecting the erosion characteristics of the slope, which provides a scientific basis for further study of the erosion characteristics of the composite slope.

Key words: loess, sand covered slope, runoff and sediment yield, runoff-sediment relationship

苏远逸,冯朝红,张扬,雷娜,张庭瑜. 黄土丘陵区覆沙坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1166-1173.

SU Yuanyi,FENG Zhaohong,ZHANG Yang,LEI Na,ZHANG Tingyu. Runoff and sediment yield and relationship between water and sediment of sand covered slope of loess hilly region[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1166-1173.

图/表 8

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试验土壤	黏粒（<0.002 mm）	粉粒（0.002~0.05 mm）	砂粒（>0.05 mm）
黄绵土	0.17	61.22	38.31
风沙土	0.72	14.38	84.9

径流坡长/m	覆沙条件/cm	试验编号	坡面类型	流量/(L·min^-1)	产流历时/min	坡度/（°）	初始土壤含水量/%	土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)
2	0	U20	黄土坡面	1	15	12	15.78	1.27
	1	U21	覆沙坡面	1	15	12	14.38	1.29
	2	U22		1	15	12	15.76	1.27
	3	U23		1	15	12	15.45	1.25
4	0	U40	黄土坡面	1	15	12	16.61	1.21
	1	U41	覆沙坡面	1	15	12	15.81	1.27
	2	U42		1	15	12	15.95	1.21
	3	U43		1	15	12	15.30	1.20
6	0	U60	黄土坡面	1	15	12	15.65	1.22
	1	U61	覆沙坡面	1	15	12	16.96	1.24
	2	U62		1	15	12	14.72	1.22
	3	U63		1	15	12	15.86	1.23

特征值	试验编号
特征值	U20	U21	U22	U23	U40	U41	U42	U43	U60	U61	U62	U63
IRT/min	0.66	2.3	3.11	4.18	0.62	2.07	2.51	3.59	0.53	1.8	2.02	2.39
Q_max/mL	774.50	855.14	863.94	889.49	759.70	832.43	891.14	987.88	734.9	843.24	924.56	932.98
Q_maxT/min	14	12	12	12	15	13	11	15	10	15	15	15
M_max/g	99.86	555.47	813.82	808.47	109.33	480.26	875.94	971.17	199.09	470.51	654.73	948.64
M_maxT/min	15	10	7	7	9	9	11	8	14	1	8	8

试验编号	拟合公式	试验编号	拟合公式	试验编号	拟合公式
U20	S=0.1204Q^0.8841 R²=0.9984	U40	S=0.1204Q^1.0148 R²=0.9961	U60	S=0.2227Q^0.8804 R²=0.9864
U21	S=0.7065Q^0.9261 R²=0.9663	U41	S=0.5871Q^1.165 R²=0.9895	U61	S=0.6323Q^1.153 R²=0.9925
U22	S=0.3744Q^1.1438 R²=0.9365	U42	S=0.4231Q^1.2648 R²=0.9134	U62	S=0.5731Q^1.1318 R²=0.9524
U23	S=0.3851Q^1.2206 R²=0.8996	U43	S=0.2875Q^1.2138 R²=0.981	U63	S=0.4629Q^1.0805 R²=0.9944

黄土丘陵区覆沙坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系

Runoff and sediment yield and relationship between water and sediment of sand covered slope of loess hilly region

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