干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1574-1586.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.03 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250903

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱内陆河流域典型荒漠生态系统水热通量变化特征及影响因素

徐文韬1,2(), 杜永军1,2, 张衡1,2, 田浩1,2, 柴文光1,2, 李小龙1,2, 贾伟康3, 杨广1,2()   

  1. 1.石河子大学水利建筑工程学院，新疆 石河子 832003
    2.寒旱区生态水利工程兵团重点实验室，新疆 石河子 832003
    3.石河子市水利工程管理服务中心，新疆 石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-03 修回日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 杨广. E-mail: mikeyork@163.com
  • 作者简介:徐文韬（2000-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为生态水文研究. E-mail: Xwt526916@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆生产建设兵团科技项目(2023TSYCCX0114);新疆生产建设兵团科技项目(2022DB023);新疆生产建设兵团科技项目(2022BC001);新疆生产建设兵团科技项目(2023AB059);国家自然科学基金项目(52269006);石河子市科技计划项目(2023NY01);石河子市科技计划项目(CXPY202322)

Characteristics and factors influencing water and heat flux changes in typical desert ecosystems in arid inland river basins

XU Wentao1,2(), DU Yongjun1,2, ZHANG Heng1,2, TIAN Hao1,2, CHAI Wenguang1,2, LI Xiaolong1,2, JIA Weikang3, YANG Guang1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    3. Water Conservancy Project Management and Service Center of Shihezi, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2025-01-03 Revised:2025-02-24 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要：

针对气候变化背景下干旱内陆河流域荒漠生态系统水资源压力和生态响应问题，本文以我国西北干旱内陆河玛纳斯河流域下游典型荒漠生态系统为研究对象，结合涡度相关法在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘同步监测潜热通量（LE）、显热通量（H）和波文比（B）、空气温度（TA）、相对湿度（RH）、饱和水汽压差（VPD）和平均风速（WS）等，运用皮尔逊相关系数，探讨荒漠生态系统2023年和2024年4—10月水热通量变化特征及其环境影响因子。研究结果表明：（1） 半小时尺度上，LE和H均基本呈单峰型变化，最大值出现时间为13:00—15:00，LE最大值出现时间比H最大值出现时间提前1~2 h。影响LE主要环境因子为TA（0.63）>VPD（0.62）>WS（0.51），影响H主要环境因子为WS（0.73）>VPD（0.61）>TA（0.56）>RH（-0.33），影响B主要环境因子为WS，r为0.11。（2） 在日尺度上，H和LE呈明显季节变化特征，LE和H呈现先增大后减小趋势，呈现“U”型趋势，B生长中期逐渐平缓；影响LE主要环境因子为TA和VPD，影响H主要环境因子为WS和RH。（3） 在月尺度上，水热通量变化呈现相似趋势，H和LE近似呈现单峰型变化。7月和8月LE均值较大，10月出现均值最小值，6月和7月H均值较大，10月出现均值最小值。影响LE主要环境因子为TA、VPD、RH，呈现显著正相关，TA正相关性最强，r=0.85；影响H主要环境因子为TA、VPD和WS；TA和VPD正相关性均较强，r分别为0.85和0.83，影响B主要环境因子为WS、TA、VPD和RH，其中RH呈负相关。研究结果解释了干旱内陆河流域典型荒漠生态系统不同时间尺度下水热通量变化特征及其与环境因子关系，为荒漠生态系统生态建设提供理论基础。

关键词: 荒漠生态系统, 涡度相关, 潜热通量, 显热通量, 波文比, 环境因子

Abstract:

To address the challenges of water resource stress and ecological response in desert ecosystems of arid inland river basins under climate change, this study focuses on a typical desert ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Manas River Basin of the arid inland river in northwest China as the research object. Using the eddy correlation method, we simultaneously monitored the latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H), Bowen ratio (B), air temperature (TA), relative humidity (RH), saturated water vapor pressure (VPD), and average wind speed (WS) at the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to examine the characteristics of water and heat flux variations and their environmental impact factors in desert ecosystems from April to October 2023 and 2024. The main findings are summarized as follows. (1) At the half-hour scale, LE and H exhibited a unimodal pattern, with the maximum occurrence time of 13:00—15:00. The LE peak occurred 1-2 h earlier than that of H. The main environmental factors affecting LE were TA (r=0.63)>VPD (r=0.62)>WS (r=0.51), while those affecting H were WS (r=0.73)>VPD (r=0.61)>TA (r=0.56)>RH (r=-0.33). The main environmental factor affecting B was WS (r=0.11). (2) At the daily scale, H and LE exhibited clear seasonal variation characteristics, initially increasing and then decreasing, forming a “U” shaped trend, and B gradually flattened in the middle of growth. TA and VPD were the main environmental factors affecting LE wheile WS and RH mainly affected H. (3) At the monthly scale, the change in water heat flux showed a similar trend, with H and LE showing unimodal variations. LE was highest in July and August and lowest in October. H peaked in June and July and also reached its minimum in October. LE showed strong positive correlations with TA, VPD, and RH, with TA having the strongest positive correlation (r=0.85). H was mainly influenced by TA, VPD, and WS, with TA and VPD showing strong positive correlations (r=0.85 and 0.83, respectively). The main environmental factors affecting B were WS, TA, VPD, and RH, with RH showing a negative correlation. This study provides insights into the variation patterns of water and heat flux and their relationships with environmental factors across multiple time scales in the desert ecosystems of arid inland river basins, offering a theoretical foundation for the ecological construction of desert ecosystems.

Key words: desert ecosystem, eddy correlation, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, Bowen ratio, environmental factors