干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 876-893.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.05.15 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2024.05.15
张紫淇1,2,3(), 杨丽莉4, 何新林1,2,3(), 李小龙1,2,3
收稿日期:
2023-10-27
修回日期:
2024-02-07
出版日期:
2024-05-15
发布日期:
2024-05-29
通讯作者:
何新林. E-mail: hexinlin2002@163.com作者简介:
张紫淇(1997-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业水资源高效利用. E-mail: 1450488953@qq.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Ziqi1,2,3(), YANG Lili4, HE Xinlin1,2,3(), LI Xiaolong1,2,3
Received:
2023-10-27
Revised:
2024-02-07
Published:
2024-05-15
Online:
2024-05-29
摘要:
为明析覆膜滴灌条件下水盐氮调控对土壤水盐养分运移变化、棉花生长指标及产量的影响,通过两年三因素全组合大田试验,设置灌水量三水平(W1:2700 m3·hm-2、W2:3600 m3·hm-2和W3:4500 m3·hm-2)、含盐量三水平(S1:3 dS·m-1、S2:6 dS·m-1和S3:9 dS·m-1)、施氮量三水平(F1:105 kg·hm-2、F2:210 kg·hm-2和F3:315 kg·hm-2),研究了不同水盐氮组合对土壤水分、盐分、氮素分布及植株生长、产量的影响。结果表明:土壤水分主要聚集在30~40 cm土层,不同土层深度的含水率基本呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;蕾期和花铃期的S3F3W1和S2F3W1比S1F3W1的0~40 cm土层平均含水率增大1.3%~21.8%;同一灌溉量下S1F3组合的平均含水率比S1F2和S1F1增大1.39%~13.83%。土壤盐分生育期内呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势;S1土壤盐分随施氮量的增大而先增大后减小,S2、S3土壤盐分随施氮量的增加而减少。W2、W3处理中,氮素在40~60 cm土层中缓慢积聚;S1处理的氮素含量明显高于S2、S3。土壤水分、盐分、氮素含量交互影响,在适宜的土壤水分、氮素条件下,较低的土壤含盐量,能使植株更好地利用养分,利于植株的生长进而促进产量的形成。为获得较高的经济效益,低、中盐土壤推荐灌溉量为3600 m3·hm-2,施氮量为210 kg·hm-2;高盐土壤推荐灌溉量为4500 m3·hm-2,施氮量为315 kg·hm-2。研究为探索干旱区多年膜下滴灌棉花农田生态系统水盐养分运移机制及水肥高效利用提供科学的理论依据。
张紫淇, 杨丽莉, 何新林, 李小龙. 滴灌水盐氮调控对棉田水肥盐运移及棉花产量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(5): 876-893.
ZHANG Ziqi, YANG Lili, HE Xinlin, LI Xiaolong. Effects of the regulation of water-salt-nitrogen on water-salt nutrient transport and yield in drip-irrigated cotton fields[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(5): 876-893.
表1
棉花灌溉施肥方案"
生育期 | 灌溉时间/月-日 | 灌水量/(m3·hm-2) | 施氮量/(kg·hm-2) | 磷钾肥 /(kg·hm-2) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022年 | 2023年 | W1 | W2 | W3 | N1 | N2 | N3 | |||
苗期 | 06-15 | 06-05 | 108.0 | 144.0 | 180.0 | 6.6 | 13.1 | 19.7 | 6.8 | |
06-25 | 06-15 | |||||||||
蕾期 | 07-05 | 06-25 | 297.0 | 396.0 | 495.0 | 13.1 | 26.3 | 39.4 | 13.6 | |
07-12 | 07-10 | |||||||||
07-19 | 07-17 | |||||||||
花铃期 | 07-26 | 07-24 | 275.4 | 367.2 | 459.0 | 10.5 | 21.0 | 31.5 | 16.3 | |
08-02 | 08-03 | |||||||||
08-12 | 08-10 | |||||||||
08-22 | 08-17 | |||||||||
08-29 | 08-24 | |||||||||
吐絮期 | 09-12 | 09-02 | 216.0 | 288.0 | 360.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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