基于GEE的翁牛特旗土地沙漠化遥感监测

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine，GEE)，通过提取归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI)和地表反照率(Albedo)两个参量，构建NDVI-Albedo特征空间，对翁牛特旗1991—2015年沙漠化进行监测，并利用地理探测器结合自然和人为因子分析翁牛特旗沙漠化驱动因子及其影响力。结果表明：（1）翁牛特旗土地沙漠化经历了先发展后逆转的演变进程。1991—2000年为发展期，沙漠化土地总面积增加了2130.29 km²；2000—2015年为逆转期，沙漠化土地总面积减少了3364.61 km²。（2）翁牛特旗沙漠化严重的区域主要是分布在中东部以及北部的西辽河平原地区，而西南区域的冀北辽西山地大部分区域沙漠化程度较轻。（3）自然因子和人为因子共同驱动翁牛特旗沙漠化演变过程。地形和沙源是翁牛特旗沙漠化土地空间分布格局形成的主要原因；翁牛特旗1991—2000年沙漠化发展是在自然条件不利的背景下人口增加所带来的环境压力造成的结果，而2000—2015年沙漠化逆转是在自然条件利好的背景下一系列防沙治沙政策有效实施的结果。

关键词: GEE, 沙漠化, NDVI-Albedo特征空间, 地理探测器, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract:

In this study, google earth engine (GEE) was used to extract the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Albedo parameters. The NDVI-Albedo space was constructed to monitor aeolian desertification in Ongniud Banner from 1991 to 2015, and the influence of key driving factors and mechanism of aeolian desertification in Ongniud Banner were analyzed using geographical detectors combined with natural and anthropogenic factors. The following key results were obtained: (1) Aeolian desertification in Ongniud Banner first experienced the development of evolution process, which then was reversed. During the development period from 1991 to 2000, the total area of aeolian desertified land increased by 2130.29 km², with extremely severe changes in both aeolian and non-aeolian desertified land, which had dynamic attitudes of 9.5 and -4.8, respectively. From 2000 to 2015, the total desertified land area of aeolian decreased by 3364.61 km², and the extreme severe aeolian and non-aeolian desertification land were the main changes, with dynamic attitudes of -4.2 and 8.3, respectively; (2) The extreme areas of aeolian desertification in the Ongniud Banner were mainly distributed in the central east and the north of Xiliaohe Plain, while the aeolian desertification in most areas of Jibeiliaoxi Mountain in southwest region is relatively light. From the perspective of transfer, the development area of various types of aeolian desertification land was 5333.75 km², while the reversed area from 1991 to 2000 was 1157.29 km². Notably, the non-aeolian desertified to moderate aeolian desertified land area was the largest covering 1000.24 km². From 2000 to 2015, the development area of all types of aeolian desertified land was only 424.65 km², while the reversed area was 7041.80 km². The area of moderate desertified land covering 1449.74 km² was reverted to non-desertified land; (3) From 1991 to 2000, both natural and anthropogenic factors drove the aeolian desertification process in the study area, with terrain and sand source as the main reasons for the formation of spatial distribution pattern of aeolian desertified land in Ongniud Banner. The warm and dry climate conditions, as well as intensified human activities led to the development of aeolian desertification in Ongniud Banner. From 2000 to 2015, aeolian desertification reversal was driven by the implementation of a series of anti-desertification policies and the improvement of natural conditions.

Key words: GEE, aeolian desertification, NDVI-Albedo space, geographical detector, Horqin Sandy Land

马浩文, 王永芳, 郭恩亮. 基于GEE的翁牛特旗土地沙漠化遥感监测[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 504-516.

MA Haowen, WANG Yongfang, GUO Enliang. Remote sensing monitoring of aeolian desertification in Ongniud Banner based on GEE[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 504-516.

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驱动因子	分辨率	时间范围	数据名称	数据来源
海拔	900 m	2000年	GMTED 2010	https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/
坡度	900 m	2000年
坡向	900 m	2000年
气温	0.042°	1991—2015年	Terra Climate^[28]	https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/
降水量	0.042°	1991—2015年
潜在蒸散量	0.042°	1991—2015年
风速	0.042°	1991—2015年
土壤湿度	0.042°	1991—2015年
土壤类型	900 m	2000年	中国土壤类型空间分布数据	https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/
人口	1 km	1995年，2010年	中国人口空间分布公里网格数据	https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/
GDP	1 km	1995年，2010年	中国GDP空间分布公里网格数据	https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/
牲畜数量	0.083°	2010年	粮农组织牲畜系统^[29]	https:// www.fao.org/livestock-systems/

	1991年		2000年		2015年		1991—2000年		2000—2015年
	面积 /km²	比例 /%	面积 /km²	比例 /%	面积 /km²	比例 /%	面积变化 /km²	动态度/%	面积变化 /km²	动态度/%
非沙化	4820.17	40.72	2722.79	22.94	6104.75	51.36	-2097.38	-4.8	3381.96	8.3
轻度	1545.47	13.06	1135.12	9.56	1398.46	11.76	-410.35	-3.0	263.34	1.5
中度	1767.07	14.93	2345.36	19.76	1807.44	15.20	578.29	3.6	-537.92	-1.5
重度	1754.52	14.82	3255.94	27.43	1667.82	14.03	1501.42	9.5	-1588.12	-3.3
极重度	1950.46	16.47	2411.39	20.31	909.48	7.65	460.93	2.6	-1501.91	-4.2

	土壤类型	土壤湿度	海拔	降水量	气温	坡度	风速	人口	牲畜数量	GDP	坡向	潜在蒸散量
1991—2000年	0.153^*	0.124^*	0.122^*	0.121^*	0.095^*	0.093^*	0.086^*	0.081^*	0.05	0.035	0.02	0.026
2000—2015年	0.082	0.069^*	0.071	0.103^*	0.099^*	0.068^*	0.053	0.04	0.069	0.042	0.047	0.056