祁连山一次降水过程云模式模拟参数的选择及微物理结构特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.03

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 1717-1727.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.03

祁连山一次降水过程云模式模拟参数的选择及微物理结构特征分析

张文煜¹(),任婧^1,²(),付丹红²,孔令彬¹,田硕¹

1.郑州大学计算机与人工智能学院/地球科学与技术学院，河南郑州 450001
2.中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室（LACS），北京 100029

收稿日期:2022-04-30 修回日期:2022-06-17 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-17
通讯作者: 任婧
作者简介:张文煜（1964-），男，教授，主要从事大气探测与大气物理方面的研究. E-mail: zhangwy@zzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0104);西北区域人工影响天气能力建设项目研究试验项目(ZQC-R18208)

Selection of cloud model simulation parameters and analysis of microphysical structure characteristics of the precipitation process in the Qilian Mountains

ZHANG Wenyu¹(),REN Jing^1,²(),FU Danhong²,KONG Lingbin¹,TIAN Shuo¹

1. College of Computer and Artificial Intelligence/School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
2. Key Laboratory for Clouds and Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

Received:2022-04-30 Revised:2022-06-17 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2023-01-17
Contact: Jing REN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用实测数据结合云模式，对祁连山一次典型层积云系降水过程进行数值模拟研究，探讨参数选择对模拟结果的影响，并对其微物理结构特征进行分析。结果表明：祁连山云模式的最优参数是Thompson方案；各种水成物含量分布基本呈单峰型，01：00 4.5 km附近的霰混合比和雪混合比的值分别可达0.1 g·kg^-1和0.7 g·kg^-1，此高度层上有较为丰沛的过冷水。从5种水成物的空间分布及时间相关性来看，霰和雪的融化对雨水的形成有主要贡献；垂直方向上云系呈现“催化-供给”的分层结构，8 km高度以上的最高层为冰晶和雪的共存区，0 ℃层高度（4.5 km）以上的过冷区，同时存在霰粒子，云水和雨水。此云结构有利于降水的形成，有利于进行祁连山人工增雨作业。

关键词: 祁连山, 云模式, 模拟参数, 微物理结构, 特征

Abstract:

Using the measured data and cloud model, the precipitation process of a typical stratocumulus system in the Qilian Mountain is numerically simulated. The influence of parameter selection on the simulation results is discussed, and its microphysical structure characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the optimal parameter of the Qilian Mountain cloud model is the Thompson scheme. The content distribution of various aquatic products shows a single peak. The values of graupel and snow mixing ratios near 01:00 and 4.5 km can reach 0.1 g·kg^-1 and 0.7 g·kg^-1, respectively. There is abundant supercooled water in this height layer. From the spatial distribution and temporal correlation of the five aquatic products, the melting of graupel and snow has a significant contribution to rainwater formation. In the vertical direction, the cloud system presents a layered structure of “catalysis supply”: The highest layer above 8 km is the coexistence area of ice crystals and snow, and the supercooling area above the zero-layer (4.5 km), with graupel particles, cloud water, and rainwater at the same time. This cloud structure is conducive to forming precipitation and artificial precipitation enhancement in the Qilian Mountain.

Key words: Qilian Mountains, cloud mode, simulation parameters, microphysical structure, characteristics

张文煜,任婧,付丹红,孔令彬,田硕. 祁连山一次降水过程云模式模拟参数的选择及微物理结构特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1717-1727.

ZHANG Wenyu,REN Jing,FU Danhong,KONG Lingbin,TIAN Shuo. Selection of cloud model simulation parameters and analysis of microphysical structure characteristics of the precipitation process in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1717-1727.

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	d01	d02	d03
网格距	27 km	9 km	3 km
格点数	115×91	154×124	235×220
垂直层	34	34	34
模式顶高	50 hPa	50 hPa	50 hPa
积云参数化方案	Grell-Devenyi	Grell-Devenyi	Grell-Devenyi
边界层方案	BMJ	BMJ	BMJ
陆面过程方案	RUC	RUC	RUC
长波辐射方案	RRTM	RRTM	RRTM
云微物理方案	Thompson Morrison2-mom WSM3 WDM6	Thompson Morrison2-mom WSM3 WDM6	Thompson Morrison2-mom WSM3 WDM6
表面层方案	Eta	Eta	Eta
短波辐射方案	Goddard	Goddard	Goddard

方案名称	质量浓度比	数浓度比
Morrison2-mom	qc,qr,qi,qs,qg	nr,ni,ns,ng
Thompson	qc,qr,qi,qs,qg	nr,ni
WSM3	qc,qi,qs	无
WDM6	qc,qr,qi,qs,qg	无

降水等级	24 h降水量/mm	站点个数
小雨/阵雨	0.1~9.9	121
中雨	10.0~24.9	24
大雨	25.0~99.9	5

祁连山一次降水过程云模式模拟参数的选择及微物理结构特征分析

Selection of cloud model simulation parameters and analysis of microphysical structure characteristics of the precipitation process in the Qilian Mountains

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