晋西黄土区土地利用方式对土壤C:N:P化学计量特征及土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.10

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 990-999.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.10

晋西黄土区土地利用方式对土壤C:N:P化学计量特征及土壤理化性质的影响

胡亚伟¹(),孙若修¹,申明爽¹,施政乐¹,刘畅¹,徐勤涛¹,刘俊廷¹,张建军^1,^2,^3,⁴()

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083
2.山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山西吉县 042200
3.北京林业大学,水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京 100083
4.北京林业大学,林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京 100083

收稿日期:2021-01-04 修回日期:2021-03-09 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-08-03
通讯作者: 张建军
作者简介:胡亚伟(1997-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤生态研究. E-mail: 1299379825@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501704)

Effects of land use types on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C:N:P and the physical and chemical properties of soil in western Shanxi loess region

HU Yawei¹(),SUN Ruoxiu¹,SHEN Mingshuang¹,SHI Zhengle¹,LIU Chang¹,XU Qintao¹,LIU Junting¹,ZHANG Jianjun^1,^2,^3,⁴()

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Ji County Station in Shanxi, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network, Jixian 042200, Shanxi, China
3. Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration om Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
4. Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2021-01-04 Revised:2021-03-09 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-08-03
Contact: Jianjun ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了阐明不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质和生态化学计量特征的影响,以晋西黄土区典型人工混交林地、刺槐纯林地、经济林地、农田、荒草地为研究对象,测定了0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm、40~50 cm、50~60 cm土层的容重、孔隙度以及有机质(TC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量,分析土地利用方式与土壤理化性质及生态化学计量特征的关系,以期为土地资源的合理利用与生态服务功能提供依据。结果表明:(1) 人工混交林地、刺槐纯林地、经济林地的容重(1.17 g·cm^-3、1.19 g·cm^-3、1.20 g·cm^-3)显著小于农田(1.31 g·cm^-3)和荒草地(1.38 g·cm^-3),刺槐纯林地TC和TN含量最大(9.94 g·kg^-1、0.88 g·kg^-1),农田最小(7.26 g·kg^-1、0.63 g·kg^-1),TP无差异(P>0.05)。随着土层深度的增加,容重逐渐增大,孔隙度逐渐减小,TC和TN逐渐减小,TP保持相对稳定。(2) 人工混交林地、刺槐纯林地、经济林地的C:P(25.69、20.51、19.41)和N:P(2.23、1.82、1.58)大于农田(18.57、1.62),C:P和N:P随土层深度的增加而减小,C:N保持稳定。(3) C:N与总孔隙度正相关(P<0.05),C:P和N:P与土壤容重极显著负相关(P<0.01),与总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、TC、TN、C:N显著正相关(P<0.05)。通过各土地利用方式的土壤理化性质比较,林地的土壤养分状况显著高于农田,尤其以人工混交林地效果最佳,退耕还林有助于提高土壤质量。因此,在退耕还林还草过程中应多注意树种之间的搭配,而避免大面积营造单一林种。

关键词: 晋西黄土区, 土地利用方式, 土壤理化性质, 化学计量特征

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of different types of land use on the physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as the influence of the ecological characteristics of chemical measurements in western Shanxi loess region, China. The study area included typical artificial mixed forests, Robinia pseudoacacia pure forests, economic forest lands, farmland, and grassland. Specifically, soil layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm, and 50-60 cm were measured for soil bulk density, porosity, organic matter (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) content, analysis of land use, soil physical and chemical properties, and the relationship between the ecological characteristics of chemical metrology to provide a basis for the rational use of land resources and ecological service functions. The bulk density (1.17 g·cm ^-3, 1.19 g·cm^-3, 1.20 g·cm^-3) of artificial mixed forest land, Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest, and economic forest land were significantly lower than that of cropland (1.31 g·cm ^-3) and wasteland (1.38 g·cm^-3). The contents of TC and TN in Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest were the highest (9.94 g·kg ^-1, 0.88 g·kg^-1, respectively), while those in the cropland were the lowest (7.26 g·kg^-1, 0.63 g·kg^-1, respectively), but TP showed no difference (P>0.05). Increased soil depth resulted in gradually increasing bulk density, gradually decreasing porosity, gradually decreasing TC and TN, and a relatively stable TP. The C:P (25.69, 20.51, 19.41) and N:P (2.23, 1.82, 1.58) of artificial mixed forest land, Robinia pseudoacinia pure forest land, and economic forest land, respectively, were higher than those of farmland (18.57, 1.62, respectively). The C:P and N:P decreased with increasing soil depth, but C:N remained stable. C:N was positively correlated with total porosity (P<0.05). C:P and N:P were significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density (P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with total porosity, non-capillary porosity, TC, TN, and C:N (P<0.05). The soil nutrient status of the forest land was significantly higher than that of the farmland, with the best effect found in the artificial mixed forest land. The conversion of cultivated land to forest improved soil quality. Thus, when returning cultivated land to forest and grassland, more attention should be paid to the collocation of tree species, instead of creating a single species forest over a large area.

Key words: loess region of western Shanxi, land use types, soil physical and chemical properties, stoichiometric characteristics

胡亚伟,孙若修,申明爽,施政乐,刘畅,徐勤涛,刘俊廷,张建军. 晋西黄土区土地利用方式对土壤C:N:P化学计量特征及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 990-999.

HU Yawei,SUN Ruoxiu,SHEN Mingshuang,SHI Zhengle,LIU Chang,XU Qintao,LIU Junting,ZHANG Jianjun. Effects of land use types on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C:N:P and the physical and chemical properties of soil in western Shanxi loess region[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 990-999.

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土地利用方式	样地	主要植物	海拔 /m	坡度 /(°)	坡向 /(°)	土壤质地	黏粒 /%	粉粒 /%	砂粒 /%	胸径 /cm	树高 /m	枯落物厚度 /cm
人工混交林地	1	刺槐、侧柏	1200	21	N75	黄绵土	6.33	67.81	25.86	8.38	6.04	6.5
	2	刺槐、侧柏	1112	20	N85	黄绵土	6.59	67.95	25.46	10.22	7.34	4.5
	3	刺槐、侧柏	1145	20	N86	黄绵土	6.84	67.83	25.33	11.70	8.02	5.9
刺槐纯林地	1	刺槐	1140	20	N80	黄绵土	5.32	67.30	27.38	11.25	9.26	4.8
	2	刺槐	1137	23	N78	黄绵土	5.85	65.51	28.64	12.61	9.86	5.1
	3	刺槐	1162	21	N85	黄绵土	5.67	66.44	27.89	11.89	9.22	3.9
经济林地	1	苹果树	1162	21	N70	黄绵土	4.35	67.70	27.59	8.69	3.22	3.0
	2	苹果树	1196	22	N73	黄绵土	4.57	66.50	28.93	8.99	3.25	2.8
	3	苹果树	1156	25	N80	黄绵土	4.28	66.94	28.78	9.71	3.49	3.7
农田	1	玉米	974	17	N82	黄绵土	2.84	64.72	32.44	-	-	0.0
	2	玉米	933	16	N72	黄绵土	3.56	64.88	31.56	-	-	0.0
	3	玉米	926	17	N83	黄绵土	3.41	64.81	31.78	-	-	0.0
荒草地	1	狗尾草、苔草	938	22	N76	黄绵土	3.95	65.49	30.56	-	-	2.7
	2	狗尾草、苔草	946	25	N82	黄绵土	3.56	65.16	31.28	-	-	1.9
	3	狗尾草、苔草	950	24	N70	黄绵土	3.78	65.92	30.30	-	-	3.5

土壤理化性质	人工混交林地	刺槐纯林地	经济林地	农田	荒草地
土壤容重/(g·kg^-1)	1.17±0.02c	1.19±0.03c	1.20±0.01c	1.31±0.01b	1.38±0.01a
总孔隙度/%	53.57±0.68ab	52.22±0.96b	54.84±0.13a	51.33±0.92b	46.12±0.86c
非毛管孔隙度/%	12.30±0.29a	12.07±0.32ab	12.26±0.05ab	12.03±0.26ab	11.83±0.15b
TC/(g·kg^-1)	9.56±0.09b	9.94±0.17a	8.22±0.00d	7.26±0.17e	8.91±0.09c
TN/(g·kg^-1)	0.84±0.01b	0.88±0.01a	0.67±0.00cd	0.63±0.01d	0.82±0.01b
TP/(g·kg^-1)	0.37±0.01e	0.50±0.01a	0.41±0.01c	0.39±0.01d	0.47±0.00b
C:N	11.51±0.03b	11.01±0.1c	12.16±0.01a	11.51±0.07b	10.61±0.02d
C:P	25.69±0.05a	20.51±0.16b	19.41±0.28c	18.57±0.1c	18.77±0.09d
N:P	2.23±0.01a	1.82±0.03b	1.58±0.02d	1.62±0.03c	1.74±0.01c

晋西黄土区土地利用方式对土壤C:N:P化学计量特征及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of land use types on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C:N:P and the physical and chemical properties of soil in western Shanxi loess region

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