黄河源区高寒草地不同深度土壤理化性质与抗剪强度关系研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.10

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 392-401.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.10

黄河源区高寒草地不同深度土壤理化性质与抗剪强度关系研究

申紫雁¹(),刘昌义¹,胡夏嵩¹(),周林虎¹,许桐¹,李希来²,李国荣¹

1.青海大学地质工程系,青海西宁 810016
2.青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2020-06-16 修回日期:2020-07-21 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-04-25
通讯作者: 胡夏嵩
作者简介:申紫雁（1996-）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为地质工程与环境地质. E-mail:924900312@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金项目(2020-ZJ-906);青海省自然科学基金项目(2018-ZJ-781);国家自然科学基金项目(41572306);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905-14);高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18013);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT_17R62)

Relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soil and the shear strength of root-soil composite systems at different soil depths in alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River

SHEN Ziyan¹(),LIU Changyi¹,HU Xiasong¹(),ZHOU Linhu¹,XU Tong¹,LI Xilai²,LI Guorong¹

1. Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
2. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China

Received:2020-06-16 Revised:2020-07-21 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-04-25
Contact: Xiasong HU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黄河源区的高寒草地为研究对象,探讨了草地和裸地在0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm和40~50 cm 5种不同深度土壤理化性质和根-土复合体抗剪强度特征。研究结果表明：黄河源区的土壤为弱碱性土,且pH值、密度随着土壤深度增加而增大。土壤含水率、有机质随土壤深度的增加表现出减小的变化趋势。与此同时,草地土体粘聚力c值随深度增加而降低,而裸地则表现出随土壤深度的增加而增大的变化特征。由灰色关联法分析结果表明：草地根-土复合体粘聚力c值与速效磷、含根量和有机质的关联度相对较高,分别为0.82、0.82、0.76,裸地土体粘聚力c值则与密度、pH值和土壤颗粒控制粒径d₆₀参数值的关联度相对较高,即分别为0.76、0.74、0.73。研究结果对科学有效防治高寒区因草地退化引起的水土流失、浅层滑坡等灾害现象的发生,具有理论研究价值和现实意义。

关键词: 黄河源区, 高寒草地, 根-土复合体, 土壤理化性质, 抗剪强度

Abstract:

The relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soil, the shear strength of the root-soil composite system, and the soil depth were investigated in the alpine grassland in Henan Country, Qinghai Province, in the source region of the Yellow River. Direct shear tests of root-soil composite systems and soil physical and chemical content tests were conducted. Five different soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, and 40-50 cm) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the soil moisture content decreased gradually with increasing soil depth. The soil was weakly alkaline, and the soil pH increased. The content of organic matter and nutrient elements in the soil decreased with increasing soil depth. Additionally, the cohesion c value of the soil in the non-degraded grassland gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. For the degraded bare land, the cohesion c value of the soil gradually increased with increasing soil depth. According to the analysis of the gray relational method, the shear strength of the root-soil composite systems was closely related to available P (0.82), root content (0.82), and organic matter (0.76). Additionally, the shear strength was correlated with density of bare soil (0.76) and soil particle size d₆₀ (0.74). The results of this study can be used to inform the effective prevention and control of soil erosion, shallow landslide, and other disasters caused by grassland degradation in extremely cold areas.

Key words: source region of the Yellow River, alpine meadows, root-soil composite systems, physical and chemical properties of soil, shear strength

申紫雁,刘昌义,胡夏嵩,周林虎,许桐,李希来,李国荣. 黄河源区高寒草地不同深度土壤理化性质与抗剪强度关系研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 392-401.

SHEN Ziyan,LIU Changyi,HU Xiasong,ZHOU Linhu,XU Tong,LI Xilai,LI Guorong. Relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soil and the shear strength of root-soil composite systems at different soil depths in alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 392-401.

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序号	测试项目	测试方法
1	pH值	电位法
2	有机质	高温外加热重铬酸钾氧化容量法
3	全氮	凯氏定氮法
4	碱解氮	碱解-扩散法
5	全磷	酸溶-钼锑抗比色法
6	速效磷	碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法
7	全钾	氢氟酸高氯酸消煮法
8	速效钾	乙酸铵浸提-火焰光度法

	取样深度/cm	d₆₀/mm	d₃₀/mm	d₁₀/mm	不均匀系数C_u	曲率系数C_c	砂粒含量/%	级配类型
草地	0~10	2.381	0.400	0.116	20.53	0.58	55.5	级配不良
	10~20	1.294	0.242	0.122	10.61	0.37	67.2	级配不良
	20~30	0.662	0.199	0.112	5.91	0.53	87.1	级配不良
	30~40	0.553	0.253	0.132	4.19	0.88	89.2	级配不良
	40~50	0.355	0.105	0.061	5.82	0.51	90.0	级配不良
裸地	0~10	0.384	0.188	0.101	3.80	0.91	93.7	级配不良
	10~20	0.366	0.175	0.094	3.89	0.89	95.7	级配不良
	20~30	0.396	0.174	0.093	4.26	0.82	95.1	级配不良
	30~40	0.445	0.233	0.127	3.50	0.96	93.8	级配不良
	40~50	0.457	0.204	0.112	4.08	0.81	90.2	级配不良

	取样深度/cm	全氮含量/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/(mg·kg^-1)	全磷含量/(g·kg^-1)	速效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1)	全钾含量/(g·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1)
草地土壤	0~10	6.03±0.68^a	343±82.46^a	1.99±0.13^a	3.20±0.89^a	24.37±0.52^d	182.67±91.85^a
	10~20	6.03±1.23^a	341.33±93.09^a	1.92±0.17^a	1.87±0.25^b	24.49±0.54^cd	110.33±33.61^ab
	20~30	3.17±1.44^bc	152.33±69.26^bc	1.81±0.37^ab	1.90±0.35^b	25.3±1.95^bcd	79.67±20.43^c
	30~40	2.14±0.47^cd	109.33±46.14^c	1.61±0.06^bc	2.17±0.75^b	26.24±1.1^abc	76.00±14.18^c
	40~50	2.08±0.33^cd	87.33±30.89^c	1.48±0.14^c	2.50±0.26^ab	27.82±0.58^a	74.67±14.36^c
裸地土壤	0~10	3.97±1.05^b	244±67.48^ab	1.47±0.09^c	1.5±0.61^b	25.66±0.73^bcd	190±88.76^a
	10~20	3.78±0.37^b	234±61.94^ab	1.35±0.11^c	1.7±0.33^b	26.56±0.64^ab	114±42.16^ab
	20~30	3.40±0.93^bc	148±58.83^bc	1.34±0.26^c	1.9±0.27^b	26.57±0.91^ab	81±19.41^c
	30~40	2.65±0.29^bcd	100±44.37^c	1.31±0.13^c	2.5±0.49^ab	26.62±1.03^ab	79±16.69^c
	40~50	1.51±0.41^d	65±27.55^c	1.29±0.08^c	3.3±0.76^a	26.62±0.87^ab	75±13.75^c

取样深度/cm	根数/根	干重/g	平均根径/mm
0~10	281.67±224.27^a	8.32±6.17^a	0.43±0.18^a
10~20	165.00±119.79^ab	5.23±4.34^ab	0.34±0.16^ab
20~30	78.33±36.56^ab	1.10±0.30^b	0.26±0.08^ab
30~40	51.67±23.38^b	0.41±0.12^b	0.21±0.06^ab
40~50	40.83±22.45^b	0.22±0.06^b	0.19±0.05^b

类别	草地土体粘聚力c值	裸地土体粘聚力c值
土壤含水率	0.73	0.65
土壤密度	0.57	0.76
土壤颗粒控制粒径d₆₀	0.73	0.73
土壤pH值	0.61	0.74
土壤有机质	0.76	0.67
土壤全氮含量	0.65	0.71
土壤碱解氮含量	0.61	0.56
土壤全磷含量	0.66	0.69
土壤速效磷含量	0.82	0.64
土壤全钾含量	0.63	0.73
土壤速效钾含量	0.74	0.56
土壤中含根量	0.82	-

黄河源区高寒草地不同深度土壤理化性质与抗剪强度关系研究

Relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soil and the shear strength of root-soil composite systems at different soil depths in alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River

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