干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 1842-1851.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.14

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期围封对高寒草地土壤团聚体稳定性和可蚀性的影响

愚广灵1(),李凯辉2,周建勤1,3(),李可依1,丛孟菲1,胡洋1,王旭阳1,贾宏涛1,3   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.中国科学院巴音布鲁克草原生态系统研究站，新疆 巴音布鲁克 841314
    3.新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-15 修回日期:2022-09-03 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 周建勤
  • 作者简介:愚广灵（1998-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事草地生态系统碳循环研究. E-mail: 1624914762@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31560171)

Effects of long-term enclosure on soil aggregate stability and erodibility in Bayinbuluk alpine grassland

YU Guangling1(),LI Kaihui2,ZHOU Jianqin1,3(),LI Keyi1,CONG Mengfei1,HU Yang1,WANG Xuyang1,JIA Hongtao1,3   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2. Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayinbuluk 841314, Xinjiang, China
    3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2021-12-15 Revised:2022-09-03 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2023-01-17
  • Contact: Jianqin ZHOU

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摘要：

为评价长期围封对土壤团聚体稳定性和可蚀性的影响，选择巴音布鲁克高寒草地（高寒草甸、高寒草甸草原和高寒草原）长期围封（围栏设置于1984年）与自由放牧的样地作为研究对象。分析0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层中水稳性团聚体组分、平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和土壤可蚀性（K值）。结果表明：（1） MWD最小值出现在高寒草甸0~5 cm土层自由放牧处理下，其数值为1.75 mm。高寒草甸和高寒草甸草原围封和自由放牧下20~30 cm土层的MWD和GMD没有显著性差异（P>0.05），而高寒草原差异显著（P<0.05）。（2） 高寒草原放牧处理10~20 cm土层K值最高为0.136，在所有处理中抗侵蚀能力最弱。（3） 冗余分析发现，全钾、全磷、pH和土壤有机碳SOC是影响土壤可蚀性K值和MWD的最主要因素。（4） 巴音布鲁克高寒草地0~10 cm土层以>2 mm大团聚体为主，长期围封导致0~10 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性更强；且草地类型、围封和土层均对土壤团聚体稳定性和可蚀性有着显著的影响，说明长期围封可以提高土壤团聚体的水稳定性和抗侵蚀能力。

关键词: 长期围封, 高寒草地, 土壤团聚体稳定性, 土壤可蚀性, 巴音布鲁克

Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of long-term enclosure measures on the stability and erodibility of soil aggregates, the grassland (alpine meadow, alpine meadow steppe, and alpine steppe) with long-term enclosure (fenced in 1984) and free grazing were selected as the research objects. The composition, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and soil erodibility (K value) of water-stable aggregates in 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil layers were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The minimum MWD value appeared in the 0-5 cm soil layer of the alpine meadow under free grazing treatment (1.75 mm). No significant difference was observed in the MWD and GMD of 20-30 cm soil layer under the enclosure and free grazing in an alpine meadow and alpine meadow steppe (P > 0.05), while the difference in alpine steppe was significant (P < 0.05). (2) The K value of 10-20 cm soil under free grazing was 0.136, so the anti-erosion ability was the weakest in all treatments. (3) The redundant analysis found that the changes in total potassium, total phosphorus, and pH were the most important factors affecting soil K value, and soil organic carbon was the most important factoraffecting MWD. (4) The 0-10 cm soil layer of Bayinbuluk alpine grassland was dominated by >2 mm macroaggregates. The long-term enclosure caused stronger stability of soil aggregates in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Moreover, grassland type, enclosure, and soil layer significantly affect the stability and erodibility of soil aggregates. This indicates that long-term enclosure could improve the soil aggregates’ water stability and erosion resistance.

Key words: long-term enclosure, alpine grassland, soil aggregate stability, soil erodibility, Bayinbuluk