干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 525-533.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2016.03.11

• 植物及植物生理 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同温度、水热条件对3种植物种子物理休眠解除的影响

布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼1,2, 刘会良2,3, 张道远2,3, 管开云2,3   

  1. 1.新疆大学科学技术学院(阿克苏校区),新疆 阿克苏 843000;
    2.干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    3.中国科学院吐鲁番沙漠植物园,新疆 吐鲁番 838008
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-27 修回日期:2015-04-15 出版日期:2016-05-15 发布日期:2016-05-31
  • 作者简介:布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼(1987-),女,维吾尔族,博士研究生,研究方向为植物多样性保护.E-mail: buhalqam.a@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆科技厅青年博士科技人才培养项目(2014731025)资助

Effects of Different Temperature and Water-heat Conditions on the Physical Dormancy Release of Three Desert Legume Species

Buhailiqiemu Abudureheman1,2, LIU Hui-liang2,3, ZHANG Dao-yuan2,3, GUAN Kai-yun2,3   

  1. 1. College of Science and Technology (Aksu Campus), Xinjiang University, Aksu 843000,Xinjiang,China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang,China;
    3. Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2014-08-27 Revised:2015-04-15 Published:2016-05-15 Online:2016-05-31

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摘要： 研究种子物理休眠解除机制及其影响因素是了解种子休眠生态学和种群适应策略的重要途径。准噶尔无叶豆(Eremosparton songoricum)、银沙槐(Ammodendron bifolium)和乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)是在干旱区分布的3种豆科珍稀物种,其种子均存在物理休眠现象。以3种植物种子为研究对象,探讨冷层积(5 ℃)、夏季高温及干/湿处理对种子物理休眠解除的作用。研究表明:① 3种植物种子的硬实率高,种皮透水性低,划破种皮的处理方法可有效解除3种植物种子的物理休眠。② 冷层积对3种植物种子的物理休眠解除无显著影响。③ 高温、干/湿条件和处理时间显著影响3种植物种子的萌发率,其中,湿热条件更能有效解除3种植物种子的物理休眠。准噶尔无叶豆和银沙槐种子的物理休眠解除率与温度呈正相关,在80 ℃和65 ℃湿热条件下其萌发率最高,分别达到(70.48±2.92)%和(78.13±3.67)%,而乌拉尔甘草种子的物理休眠解除率与温度呈负相关,40 ℃湿热条件下的萌发率最高,达到(85.23±3.82)%。表明荒漠地区夏季的极端高温有利于种子物理休眠的解除,但较少的降水量却限制了种子的萌发,这可能是导致该地区3种植物自然种群实生苗稀少,有性更新弱的主要原因之一。

关键词: 荒漠植物, 种子, 温度, 干/湿条件, 物理休眠

Abstract: Seed dormancy in the populations of Eremosparton songoricum, Ammodendron bifolium and Glycyrrhiza uralensis from the Gurbantunggut Desert and Tucker Guillermo Chonghuer Desert, Xinjiang was investigated through laboratory experiments with a view to understand the dormancy release mechanisms and population adaptation strategies. The treatments were the manual scarification, cold stratification (5 ℃), dry-hot and wet-hot treatments at simulated high temperature field conditions. The results showed that the three species had hard seed coat, there was no significant effect of cold stratification on dormancy release of these seeds. However, manual scarification broke effectively the seed physical dormancy. Dry-hot and wet-hot treatments and the treatment duration affected significantly the dormancy breaking of the three species, but treatment interactions were not important for E.songoricum and A.bifolium. There was a positive correlation between the dormancy release percentage and the temperature for E.songoricum and A.bifolium seeds, but a negative one for G.uralensis seeds. The dormancy release percentages of E.songoricum and A.bifolium seeds were the highest at 80 ℃ and 65 ℃, reaching (70.48±2.92)% and (78.13±3.67)% respectively. While the dormancy release percentage of G.uralensis seeds was decreased with the increase of temperature, and the highest germination percentage reached (85.23±3.82)% at 40 ℃. The wet-hot treatment was the most effective for dormancy release of the three species. Results suggested that the extremely high temperature in summer is effective to release seeds from dormancy, however rare precipitation is the main inhibitor of seed germination, and may cause the low seedling rate and survival rate of the three endangered species.

Key words: desert plant, seeds, temperatures, dry/wet conditions, physical dormancy