干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 354-360.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2015.02.21

• 生态与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆准噶尔盆地东南部狼(Canis lupus)的生境选择及其季相变化

韩丽丽1,2, 初红军1,2, 王渊1,2, 陶永善2, 葛炎2   

  1. 1.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046;
    2.新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站,新疆 阿勒泰 836500
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-19 修回日期:2014-10-14 出版日期:2015-03-15 发布日期:2015-04-16
  • 作者简介:韩丽丽(1988-),女,在读硕士研究生,主要从事动物生态研究.E-mail: hanlili68@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆自治区科技支撑计划项目(201233131);卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金项目;科技部科技基础性工作专项重大项目(2013FY110300)

Habitat Selectivity and Seasonal Variations of Wolves (Canis lupus) in Southeastern Junggar Basin,Xinjiang

HAN Li-li1,2, CHU Hong-jun1,2, WANG Yuan1,2, TAO Yong-shan2, GE Yan2   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China;
    2. Altay Management Station, Mountain Karamori Ungulate Nature Reserve, Altay 836500, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2014-09-19 Revised:2014-10-14 Published:2015-03-15 Online:2015-04-16

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摘要： 采用痕迹样方和对照样方分析卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼(Canis lupus)的生境选择及其季相变化。结果表明:春季,狼选择海拔900~1 000 m的山坡和山顶,距离水源2~4 km,道路0.5~1 km,居民点2~4 km及隐蔽级高(0.9~1)的区域;夏季,选择山坡和山沟、海拔900~1 000 m、与水源距离≤2 km、距离道路1.5~3 km、与居民点的距离4~6 km;以及隐蔽级高(0.9~1)的地域;冬季,选择山坡和沙丘、海拔≤800 m、与水源距离≤2 km、与道路的距离1.5~3 km、与居民点的距离2~4 km、隐蔽级在0.5~0.9的区域。主成分分析表明,春季狼生境选择主要受人为干扰的影响,夏季主要受水源因子干扰的影响,冬季主要受食物干扰的影响。

关键词: 狼(Canis lupus), 栖息地选择, 准噶尔盆地, 新疆

Abstract: Race samples and control quadrants were used to study habitat selectivity and seasonal variations of wolves in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve (MKUNR) of southeastern Junggar Basin,Xinjiang. The results showed that,in spring, wolves preferred to select mountain slope and mountaintop, 900-1 000 m of altitude, with distance of 2 to 4 km to permanent water source, 0.5-1 km to main road, 2-4 km to human community, and the canopy cover was 0.9-1. In summer, wolves preferred to select mountain slope and mountain trench, 900-1 000 m of altitude, with distance less than 2 km to permanent water source, 1.5-3 km to main road, 2-4 km to human community, and the canopy cover was 0.9-1. In winter, wolves preferred to select mountain slope and sand dune, under 800 m of altitude, with distance less than 2 km to permanent water source, 1.5-3 km to main road, 2-4 km to human community, and the canopy cover was 0.5-0.9. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that habitat selectivity of wolves was mainly affected by human disturbance in spring, by water source in summer, and by food in winter.

Key words: Canis lupus, habitat selectivity, southeastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang