新疆野果林新发害虫虹彩窄吉丁及其危害研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.07.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年在新疆伊犁发现危险性害虫虹彩窄吉丁Agrilus viduus Kerremans，目前该虫已传入野果林腹地，对野苹果和野杏造成了危害。通过野外普查、定点观察和室内饲养，初步明确了该虫在野果林地区的分布范围、生活史、危害特征和寄主植物种类。该虫在伊犁新源县、巩留县、霍城县、特克斯县域内均有分布，已进入了这些县区分布的野果林。该虫1年发生1代，5月上中旬开始活动，7月上旬开始羽化，7月下旬为羽化高峰期，7月中旬成虫开始产卵，8月上旬羽化陆续结束，11月上旬以2~3龄幼虫开始越冬。危害形式主要以幼虫蛀食寄主植物的韧皮部、形成层和木质部，幼虫种群数量高时可致死寄主。该虫在野果林中可危害野杏Armeniaca vulgaris、野苹果Malus sieversii以及其他种类的野生果树资源。该虫产卵特性较特殊，卵成堆产于树皮表面，然后用分泌物覆盖卵形成卵鞘。虹彩窄吉丁卵鞘分布与树木的高度相关，主要分布在树高120~240 cm范围；卵鞘分布还与枝条粗细相关，多分布于直径2~3 cm枝条上。通过查阅文献和实际调查，可判断该虫是新疆野果林的新入侵害虫，危险性大，应引起相关主管部门的重视，需要根据其生物学特性，利用物理防治、生物防治和化学防治相结合的方法进行应急根除。

关键词: 虹彩窄吉丁, 分布, 新疆野果林, 入侵害虫, 生物学特性

Abstract:

The damaging pest Agrilus viduus Kerremans was recorded for the first time in Ili Prefecture, Xinjiang. This pest has entered the core area of wild fruit forest, where it has damaged wild apples and wild apricots. Through field surveys, fixed-point observations, and laboratory rearing, the distribution range, life history, damage characteristics, and host plants of this pest in the wild fruit forest area were preliminarily studied. This pest is distributed in Xinyuan County, Gongliu County, Huocheng County, and Tekes County and has entered the wild fruit forests of Xinyuan County, Gongliu County, and Huocheng County. In terms of its reproduction, this pest exhibits one generation per year, starts to be active in the first half of May and begins to emerge in early July, with the peak emergence period in late July. Adult insects start to lay eggs in mid-July, and the emergence process ends in early August. In early November, the second-and third-instar larvae begin to overwinter. The damage mainly takes the form of larvae boring into the phloem, cambium, and xylem of host plants. When substantial infestation occurs, death of the host can occur. This pest can damage wild apricots, wild apples, and some other economically important fruit trees in the wild fruit forest. The oviposition characteristics of this pest are rather special. Eggs are laid in clusters on the bark surface and then covered with secretions to form egg cases. The distribution of this species’ egg cases is highly correlated with the height of apricot trees, with them mainly being found at heights of 120-240 cm; the distribution of the egg cases is also related to the basal diameter, being found mainly on branches with diameters of 2-3 cm. A literature review and field investigation revealed that this insect is a pest that has been newly introduced into the wild fruit forest of Xinjiang, posing a significant threat and requiring the attention of local authorities. There is an urgent need for physical control, biological control, and chemical control methods to be applied to eradicate it in accordance with its biological characteristics.

Key words: Agrilus viduus, distribution, Xinjiang wild fruit forest, new invasive pest, biological characteristics

林琦, 张彦龙, 曹亮明, 王小艺, 肉孜·吐热普, 高桂珍. 新疆野果林新发害虫虹彩窄吉丁及其危害研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(7): 1348-1356.

LIN Qi, ZHANG Yanlong, CAO Liangming, WANG Xiaoyi, Rouzi TUREPU, GAO Guizhen. Agrilus viduus Kerremans: An emerging pest in Xinjiang wild fruit forest and assessment of associated damage[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(7): 1348-1356.

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虫态	5月			6月			7月			8月			9月			10月			11—4月
虫态	F	M	L	F	M	L	F	M	L	F	M	L	F	M	L	F	M	L	F	M	L
越冬幼虫	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
卵							•	•	•	•	•
幼虫								—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	*	*	*
蛹						△	△	△	△
成虫							＋	＋	＋	＋

地点	时间/年-月-日	经纬度	寄主	是否在野果林范围	发现虫态
霍城县清水河镇	2019-07-28	80.7348°E, 44.1893°N	家苹果、桃树	否	幼虫、成虫、卵
霍城县福寿山	2023-06-12	80.7316°E, 44.3987°N	杏树	是	卵
新源县改良场	2023-05-26	83.5804°E, 43.3806°N	杏树	否	卵、幼虫
	2023-07-04	83.5611°E, 43.4038°N	杏树	否	幼虫
	2023-07-20	83.5829°E, 43.3798°N	家苹果	否	卵、幼虫、成虫
特克斯县兑街	2023-07-13	81.8231°E, 43.2137°N	家苹果	否	卵
巩留县野核桃沟	2023-05-08	82.2684°E, 43.3847°N	杏树	否	卵、幼虫
巩留县库尔德宁河滩	2023-06-24	82.4912°E, 43.1522°N	野苹果	是	卵
巩留县乌鸦岭	2023-08-02	82.5917°E, 43.3136°N	野杏	是	卵、幼虫

高度/cm	M（P₂₅，P₇₅）/个	秩和检验
高度/cm	M（P₂₅，P₇₅）/个	H	P
0~40	0（0，28）	14.19	0.048
40~80	11（0，21）
80~120	14（0，78）
120~160	27（0，58）
160~200	21（18，64）
200~240	29（8，49）
240~280	9（3，16）
280~320	0（0，5）

基径/cm	M（P₂₅，P₇₅）个/dm²	秩和检验
基径/cm	M（P₂₅，P₇₅）个/dm²	H	P
0~1	0（0.57，4.55）	12.95	0.024
1~2	3.98（2.12，6.63）
2~3	6.05（4.14，12.10）
3~4	3.29（2.02，6.16）
4~5	0.97（0.71，4.07）
5~6	0.80（0.36，6.58）