基于生态承载力的黄土高原地区城镇体系空间结构演化——以庆阳市为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 庆阳市位于黄土高原中部丘陵沟壑区,气候干旱,生态脆弱。运用生态承载力、城镇体系相关理论和方法,分析研究区城镇体系空间结构演化特点及趋势。采用生态弹性度、资源承载力和承载压力度、对生态承载力的演化进行综合评价,并对生态承载力与城镇空间结构的关系进行探讨。在此基础上,对研究区城镇体系空间结构进行调整优化,为脆弱生态条件下的城镇发展提供依据。

关键词: 生态承载力, 城镇体系, 空间结构, 庆阳市, 黄土高原

Abstract: Qingyang City is located in a hilly-gully region in the central Loess Plateau, it is arid, and the ecological environment is fragile. In this paper, the spatial structure evolution of urban system in the study area was analyzed based on the ecological carrying capacity. The results showed that there was a traffic directivity in the study area during the period of 1985-2010, and the town development was restricted by the limited traffic conditions. Urban distribution was related to the distribution of water resources, and it was different from different counties. Double center pattern was gradually formed under the optimization of urban system. The ecological elastic degree, carrying capacity of resources and load pressure strength were used in the evaluation. The results showed that the ecological elastic degree and carrying capacity of resources in the study area were holistically in an ascendant trend during the period of 1985-2010. Spatial structure of the regional urban system and the ecological carrying capacity interacted, and the relationship between the ecological carrying capacity and the spatial structure of urban system was discussed. Some measures were proposed for optimizing the spatial structure of urban system in the study area based on the ecological carrying capacity in such fragile ecological environment.

Key words: ecological carrying capacity, urban system, spatial structure, Qingyang city, Loess Plateau

刘海龙, 石培基, 张学斌, 张惠, 魏伟. 基于生态承载力的黄土高原地区城镇体系空间结构演化——以庆阳市为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(4): 749-756.

LIU Hai-long, SHI Pei-ji, ZHANG Xue-bin, ZHANG Hui, WEI Wei. Spatial Structure Evolution of Urban System in the Loess Plateau Based on Ecological Carrying Capacity—A Case Study in Qingyang City[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2013, 30(4): 749-756.

参考文献

[1] 王建军,吴志强.城镇化发展阶段划分[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(2):177-188.
[Wang Jianjun,Wu Zhiqiang.Delimiting the stages of urbanization growth process:A method based on Northam’s theory and Logistic growth model[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(2):177-188.]
[2] 姚士谋,陆大道,王聪,等.中国城镇化需要综合性的科学思维-探索适应中国国情的城镇化方式[J]. 地理研究,2011,30(11):1 947-1 955.
[Yao Shimou,Lu Dadao,Wang Cong,et al. Urbanization in China needs comprehensive scientific thinking:Exploration of the urbanization mode adapted to the special situation of China[J]. Geographical Research,2011,30(11):1 947-1 955.]
[3] Fujita M,Mori T.Structural stability and evolution of urban systems[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics,1997,27(8):399-442.
[4] Jorge G H,Ahjond G S,Arunprakash K T.Threshold transitions in a regional urban system[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,2011,78(4):152-159.
[5] 刘继生,陈彦光.城镇体系空间结构的分形维数及其测算方法[J]. 地理研究,1999,18(2):171-178.
[Liu Jisheng,Chen Yanguang.Fractal dimensions of spatial structure of an urban system and the methods of their determination[J]. Geographical Research,1999,18(2):171-178.]
[6] 庞晶,叶裕民.全球化对城市空间结构的作用机制分析[J]. 城市发展研究,2012,19(4):50-54.
[Pang Jing,Ye Yumin.The mechanism of globalization and informatization on urban spatial structure[J]. Urban Studies,2012,19(4):50-54.]
[7] 朱兵,张小雷,雷军,等.西部欠发达地区城镇体系分形研究:以兰州-西宁城镇密集区为例[J]. 干旱区研究,2010,27(3):458-466.
[Zhu Bing,Zhang Xiaolei,Lei Jun,et al.Fractal study on urban systems in the underdeveloped regions in west China: A case study in the Lanzhou-Xining town compact region[J]. Arid Zone Research,2010,27(3):458-466.]
[8] 吴茵,李满春,毛亮.GIS支持的县域城镇体系空间结构定量分析:以浙江省临安市为例[J]. 地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(2):73-77.
[Wu Yin,Li Manchun,Mao Liang.Quantitative analysis on the spatial structure of town system in county-scope supported by GIS:A case study in Lin’an county,Zhejiang Province[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2006,22(2):73-77.]
[9] 高吉喜.可持续发展理论探讨:生态承载力理论、方法与应用[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001.
[Gao Jixi.Discussion on the Theory of Susutainable Development:Theory,Methods and Applications of Ecological Carrying Capacity[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2001.]
[10] 杨艳,牛建明,张庆,等.基于生态足迹的半干旱草原区生态承载力与可持续发展研究:以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为例[J]. 生态学报,2011,31(17):5 065-5 104.
[Yang Yan,Niu Jianming,Zhang Qing,et al.Ecological footprint analysis of a semi-arid grassland region facilitates assessment of its ecological carrying capacity:A case study of Xilinguole League[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(17):5 096-5 104.]
[11] 许学强,周一星,宁越敏.城市地理学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,1997:148-155.
[Xu Xueqiang,Zhou Yixing,Ning Yuemin.City Geography[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,1997:148-155.]
[12] 陆大道.区域发展及其空间结构[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1998:137-141.
[Lu Dadao. Region Development and Spatial Structure[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1998:137-141.]
[13] 星球地图出版社.甘肃省地图[M]. 第4版. 北京:星球地图出版社,2009.
[Starmap Press. Gansu Province Map[M]. 4th ed. Beijing: Starmap Press,2009.]
[14] 王宁.新疆额尔齐斯河流域生态承载力研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2005:27-31.
[Wang Ning.Study on Ecological Carrying Capacity in the Irtysh River Basin[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2005:27-31.]
[15] 徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2002:292-293.
[Xu Jianhua.Mathematical Methods in Contemporary Geography[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002:292-293.]
[16] 赵雪雁.甘肃省生态承载力评价[J]. 干旱区研究,2006,23(3):506-512.
[Zhao Xueyan.Evaluation on the ecological carrying capacity in Gansu Province[J]. Arid Zone Research,2006,23(3):506-512.]
[17] 赵万羽,李建龙,陈亚宁.天山北坡区域生态承载力与可持续发展:以阜康市为例[J]. 生态学报,2008,28(9):4 363-4 371.
[Zhao Wanyu,Li Jianlong,Chen Yaning.Changes of eco-capacity and ecological sustainability in the North Tianshan Mountains region:Taking Fukang county as a case of study[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(9):4 363-4 371.]
[18] 周忠学,仇立慧.城市化对生态系统服务功能影响的实证研究:以西安市南郊为例[J]. 干旱区研究,2011,28(6):974-979.
[Zhou Zhongxue,Qiu Lihui.Experimental study on effect of urbanization on service functions of ecosystems:A case study in Southern Suburbs of Xi’an City[J]. Arid Zone Research,2011,28(6):974-979.]
[19] 胡秉民,王兆骞,吴建军,等.农业生态系统结构指标体系及其量化方法研究[J]. 应用生态学报,1992,3(2):144-148.
[Hu Bingmin,Wang Zhaoqian,Wu Jianjun,et al.Structural index systems of agroecosystem and their quantitative methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1992,3(2):144-148.]
[20] 甘肃省统计局.甘肃年鉴1985[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,1986.
[Gansu Statistic Bureau.Gansu Yearbook 1985[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,1986.]
[21] 甘肃省统计局.甘肃年鉴1990[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,1991.
[Gansu Statistic Bureau.Gansu Yearbook 1990[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,1991.]
[22] 甘肃省统计局.甘肃年鉴2000[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2001.
[Gansu Statistic Bureau.Gansu Yearbook 2000[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2001.]
[23] 甘肃省统计局.甘肃发展年鉴2010[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2011.
[Gansu Statistic Bureau.Gansu Development Yearbook 2010[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2011.]