干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 757-763.

• 其他 • 上一篇    下一篇

乌鲁木齐市生态足迹分析

童小芹1,2，张庆红3，夏咏1，张晔4，刘越方5，潘响亮6   

  1. （1．新疆农业大学经贸学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052； 2.乌鲁木齐市科技局，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000；3.新疆财经大学统计与信息学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐830012； 4.新疆农业大学管理学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052； 5.科技部信息中心，北京100862； 6. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐830011）
  • 收稿日期:2012-08-31 修回日期:2013-04-28 出版日期:2013-07-15 发布日期:2013-07-29
  • 作者简介:童小芹（1967-），女，博士，主要从事都市农业经济研究. E-mail: tongxq@sina.cn
  • 基金资助:

    新疆维吾尔自治区社科基金项目《乌鲁木齐都市农业可持续发展研究》（10CJY028）；国家重点基础研究发展计划课题《西北干旱区水资源安全和适应性调控》（2010CB951004）

The Ecological Footprint in Urumqi

TONG Xiao-qin1,2 ,ZHANG Qing-hong3,XIA Yong1,ZHANG Ye4,LIU Yue-fang5,PAN Xiang-liang6   

  1. (1. College of Economy and Trade, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China; 2.Urumqi Bureau of  Science and Technology, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang,China; 3. College of Statistics and Information, Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics, Urumqi 830012, Xinjiang, China; 4. College of Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China; 5. Information Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100862, China; 6. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China)
  • Received:2012-08-31 Revised:2013-04-28 Published:2013-07-15 Online:2013-07-29

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摘要： 基于传统生态足迹模型改进的“本地生态足迹”模型，引入热值概念，以新疆土地平均生产力为核算标准，调整乌鲁木齐市生态足迹模型中的3大核心参数，测算了乌鲁木齐市2000—2010年各类型土地实际发生的生态足迹、生态承载力和生态盈余。结果表明：乌鲁木齐市人均生态足迹从2000年的每人5.63 hm2增加到2010年的24.0 hm2，而人均生态承载力从2000年的0.84 hm2下降到2010年的0.57 hm2，人均生态赤字从2000年的4.54 hm2增加到2010年的23.04 hm2。2000年以来，除了牧草地以外，其他类型土地均是生态赤字，建设用地是乌鲁木齐市生态足迹和生态赤字的最大贡献者，2010年对生态赤字的贡献达到了93.04%。牧草地则是生态承载力的最大供给者，但自2004年以来其生态盈余呈不断下降趋势，表明乌鲁木齐市土地生态系统处于超负荷利用状态。应通过减少人口压力、提高耕地、牧草地等的平均生产力，大力实施循环经济等措施来减少乌鲁木齐市生态足迹，增加生态承载力，以实现土地的可持续利用。

关键词: 生态足迹, 生态赤字, 土地平均生产力, 均衡因子, 乌鲁木齐

Abstract: In this paper, the Local Ecological Footprint Model was used to calculate the actual ecological footprint, ecological capacity and ecological surplus or deficit in Urumqi during the period from 2000 to 2010. Three important parameters were adjusted based on the average productivity of land in Xinjiang. The results show that the per capita ecological footprint was increased from 5.63 hm2 in 1998 to 24.0 hm2 in 2010, the ecological capacity was decreased from 0.84 hm2 to 0.57 hm2, and the ecological deficit was increased from 4.54 hm2 to 23.04 hm2 The contribution of grasslands to the ecological capacity in Urumqi was the highest, an ecological surplus of grasslands was maintained since 2000, and an ecological deficit of other land types occurred. Ecological deficit of construction land was increased quickly during the period from 2000 to 2010, and the contribution of construction land was up to 93.04% in 2010 because of the population growth and the increase of energy consumption. The land ecosystem development in Urumqi was unsustainable, so some effective measures should be taken so as to reduce the pressure of population growth, improve the average productivity of land, change the mode of economic growth, and develop the recycling economy in Urumqi.

Key words: ecological footprint, ecological deficit, average productivity of land, equivalence factor, Urumqi