干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 449-456.

• 天气与气候变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

50 a来内蒙古荒漠草原气候干燥度的空间分布及其演变特征

韩芳1，2, 刘朋涛2, 牛建明1，3, 乌兰巴特尔2, 张庆1, 张靖1   

  1. 1. 内蒙古大学生命科学学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021； 2. 内蒙古生态与农业气象中心，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051; 
    3. 中美生态、能源及可持续性科学研究中心，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021
  • 收稿日期:2012-05-17 修回日期:2012-10-25 出版日期:2013-05-15 发布日期:2013-05-16
  • 作者简介:韩芳（1979-），女，蒙古族，在读博士生，高级工程师，主要从事草地生态和应用气象方面的研究.E-mail： hanfang0520@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2012CB722201）；国家科技支撑计划课题（2011BAC07B01）；国家自然科学基金（31060320）；内蒙古自然科学基金（2009ms0603）；内蒙古气象局科技创新项目（nmqxkjcx200706）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助

Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Climatic Aridity in Desert  Steppe in Inner Mongolia in Recent 50 Years

 HAN  Fang1，2, LIU  Peng-Tao2, NIU  Jian-Ming1，3, WUlan Bater2, ZHANG  Qing1, ZHANG  Jing1   

  1. 1. College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
    2.  Inner Mongolia Ecology and Agrometeorology Centre, Hohhot 010051, China;
    3. SinoUS Center for Ecology, Energy and Sustainability Science, Hohhot 010021, China
  • Received:2012-05-17 Revised:2012-10-25 Published:2013-05-15 Online:2013-05-16

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被引次数

62

摘要： 根据内蒙古荒漠草原11个气象观测站1961—2010年的日平均气温、降水量资料，采用改进的谢氏干燥度计算公式，并利用ArcGIS软件分析内蒙古荒漠草原50 a来气候干燥度的时空变化规律。结果表明：① 平均干燥度呈条带状自东南向西北逐渐递增，表明干燥程度由东南向西北逐渐加强；② 除中部偏西（海流图地区）干燥度减少、气候趋于湿润化外，其他地区干燥度指数呈增加趋势，说明内蒙古荒漠草原地区气候干旱化趋势明显；③ 20世纪70年代属于相对湿润期，21世纪初干旱程度明显加大。其结果导致干旱区面积随年代增加，至21世纪初干旱区面积增加了近3倍，从另一个侧面说明研究区域气候干旱化趋势显著；④ 干燥度4.0等值线向东南方向移动，逐渐侵入典型草原。以20世纪60年代为基点， 90年代前变幅相对较小，21世纪初的偏移范围最大。此外，该线在研究区域东部变化强烈，空间位移幅度大，西部相对变化较弱，空间位移相对较小。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 气候干燥度, 时空格局, 气候变化, 干旱区面积\干旱化, 内蒙古

Abstract: According to the average daily temperature and daily precipitation data from 11 meteorological stations in desert steppe in Inner Mongolia during the period of 1961—2010, the temporal and spatial variation of climatic aridity in the steppe in recent 50 years was analyzed using the improved formula of Selianinov AI and ArcGIS software. The results are as follows: ① The average aridity and aridity degree increased gradually from the southeast to the northwest; ② Under the temperature increase and precipitation decrease in the steppe, the aridity index was in an increase trend in most regions except in the centralwestern region, that is the climatic drying trend in desert steppe in Inner Mongolia was significant; ③ According to the analyzed results of aridity, the 1970s was a relatively wet decade, and the aridity increased significantly in the early 21st century. The drought area was enlarged year by year, it was enlarged for nearly three times up to the early 21st century, and the drought trend was significant; ④ The 4.0-contour of aridity was gradually shifted towards the typical steppe southeastward. The 1960s was regarded as a starting decade, a relatively low variation occurred before the 1990s, but a significant variation occurred from the early 21st century. Moreover, the variation and the spatial shift amplitude were high in the east of the study area, and they were relatively low in the west.

Key words: desert steppe, climatic aridity index, spatiotemporal pattern, climate change, drought area, aridification, Inner Mongolia