3种保水措施影响下的风沙土水盐及地温特征

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 215-221.

3种保水措施影响下的风沙土水盐及地温特征

孙旭伟^1,2, 李生宇¹, 靳正忠¹, 徐新文¹, 安桂香^1,3

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 甘肃省环境科学设计研究院, 甘肃兰州 730000;
3. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2010-05-21 修回日期:2010-09-05 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
通讯作者: 李生宇.E-mail: lishy_hb@163.com
作者简介:孙旭伟(1983－), 男, 甘肃静宁人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事荒漠化防治研究.E-mail:sxwei0115@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-13);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(200733144-3);塔里木油田公司科研项目(971008090016,971008090017)资助

Characteristic of Aeolian Soil Water, Salt and Temperature under Three Soil Moisture Conservation Treatments

SUN Xu-wei^1,2, LI Sheng-yu¹, JIN Zheng-zhong¹, XU Xin-wen¹, AN Gui-xiang^1,3

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 820011, China;
2. Gansu Province Institute of Environmental Science Design and Research, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2010-05-21 Revised:2010-09-05 Online:2011-04-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同保水措施(覆膜、覆沙、喷施Guilspare)和裸地(对照)土壤水分、盐分分布及耕作层温度的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:夏季采取保水措施能够抑制土壤蒸发,提高土壤的蓄水保墒能力。同时,还能起到抑制土壤盐分表聚的作用,明显地改变了风沙土水盐空间分布,降低表层盐分被淋溶至林木根系层的概率。保水措施对剖面土壤温度日变化的影响比较明显,其中覆膜处理下5~20cm土壤温度最高,其他处理对土壤温度的影响随深度的变化存在一定差异。对地温日变幅的影响随土层深度变化而变化。5cm土层地温日变幅为:覆沙>覆膜>抑制剂>裸地;5~20cm土层地温日变幅为:覆膜>覆沙>抑制剂>裸地。覆膜处理下垂直剖面地温极显著地高于其他处理(p<0.01),抑制剂显著的高于对照(p<0.05),覆沙处理与对照间差异不显著。

关键词: 风沙土, 土壤水分, 土壤盐分, 土壤温度, 保水措施, 沙漠公路, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: This paper compares and analyzes the distribution of soil moisture content and salt as well as soil temperature under different soil moisture conservation treatments (soil mulched with film, buried with sand and spurted with Guilspare^®) with that of bare land (controlled) in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, Xinjiang. The results show that the soil moisture conservation measures could be taken to significantly restrict soil evaporation in summer and improve the capability of soil moisture conservation. Distribution of soil moisture content on the first day after irrigation was obviously affected by the soil moisture conservation treatment measures. Moisture content of soil mulched with film was higher than that treated with other measures at soil layer of 0-10 cm, and it decreased with soil depth deeper than 10 cm in an approximately linear way. The curves of moisture content of soil buried with sand and treated with inhibitor with the increase of soil depth were unimodal. Soil moisture was concentrated in soil layers of 30-60 cm and 20-40 cm respectively. At the end of irrigation interval, soil moisture content along the soil profiles under soil moisture conservation treatments was much higher than that of bare land. Moreover, soil salt accumulation could be effectively restricted by taking the soil moisture conservation measures, and salt content in topsoil was in an order of bare land > soil buried with sand > soil mulched with film > soil spurted with Guilspare^®. Soil salinity was in an order of bare land > soil buried with sand > soil mulched with film > soil spurted with Guilspare^® at 10 cm, and it was lower and there was no significant difference among the different treatments at soil layer of 10-70 cm. Daily change of soil temperature was obviously affected by soil moisture conservation measures. Temperature at soil layer mulched with film at depth of 5-20 cm was the highest, but there was only a small difference among other treatments. Change of soil temperature with the time reveal that the minimum values of soil temperature at soil depths of 5 cm and 10 cm occurred at 10:00, and then they were gradually increased with the time. The maximum values of soil temperature at depths of 5 cm and 10 cm occurred at 18:00 and 20:00 respectively. The minimum values of soil temperature at soil depths of 15 cm and 20 cm occurred at 12:00, and those at soil depths of 5 cm and 10 cm occurred at 20:00. Which reveal that the minimum and maximum values of soil temperature lagged with soil depth. Soil temperature fluctuation was affected obviously by soil moisture conservation measures, and it at soil depth of 5 cm was in an order of the soil buried with sand > soil mulched with film > soil spurted with Guilspare^® > bare land, but it was changed with the increase soil depth and in an order of soil mulched with film > soil buried with sand > soil spurted with Guilspare^® > bare land. The results of multiple comparisons reveal that the temperature of soil mulched with film was significantly higher than that treated with other measures (p<0.01), and that of soil spurted with Guilspare^® was significantly higher than that of bare land (p<0.05).

Key words: aeolian soil, soil moisture content, soil water and salt, soil temperature, soil moisture conservation treatments, desert highway, Taklimakan Desert

中图分类号:

S152.7

孙旭伟, 李生宇, 靳正忠, 徐新文, 安桂香. 3种保水措施影响下的风沙土水盐及地温特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(2): 215-221.

SUN Xu-wei, LI Sheng-yu, JIN Zheng-zhong, XU Xin-wen, AN Gui-xiang. Characteristic of Aeolian Soil Water, Salt and Temperature under Three Soil Moisture Conservation Treatments[J]. , 2011, 28(2): 215-221.

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