南疆塔中-38团沙漠公路沿线风沙输移规律与防沙体系研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在建塔中-38团沙漠公路由塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地延伸至其东南缘,全程皆分布不同程度的风沙危害形式,对沙漠公路的建设、服役、养护等造成严重威胁。基于该地区的遥感影像解译及风况数据分析,揭示了沙漠公路沿线不同区段内的风沙环境特征和沙丘移动规律,在此基础上提出了相应的沙害防治体系框架。通过研究发现：（1）沙漠公路沿线区段盛行起沙风向为NE、ENE、E,起沙风频率由21.7%增长至33.8%,风向特征由锐双峰态势发展为钝双峰态势,风沙环境逐步恶劣;（2）沿线区段输沙势介于178.23~309.43 VU,风能环境为低至中等,合成输沙方向介于SW-WSW,风向变率为中等;（3）区段沙丘年平均移动速度在3.16~6.26 m·a^-1之间,沙丘移动速度和方向存在明显空间差异,且部分区段沙丘移动方向与合成输沙方向一致性较差。基于以上沙漠公路区段环境特征,提出阻-固结合的沙漠公路防沙体系,对沙漠公路沙害的发展变化规律与公路的可持续研究具有实际应用价值。

关键词: 沙漠公路, 沙害治理, 输沙势, 沙丘移动

Abstract:

The Tazhong-38th Corp Desert Highway, currently under construction, extends from the hinterland of Taklamakan Desert to its southeastern edge. Different degrees of wind and sand hazards are distributed along the whole route, posing serious threats to the construction, service, and maintenance of the desert highway. Based on remote sensing image interpretation and wind data analysis, the wind and sand environment characteristics and dune movement rules in different sections of the desert highway were assessed, and a corresponding sand hazard prevention system framework is proposed. Our analysis showed that the prevailing wind directions along the desert highway are NE, ENE, and E, and the frequency of sandy wind increases from 21.7% to 33.8%. The wind direction characteristic develops from sharp bimodal to blunt bimodal, and the wind and sand hazards gradually become more severe: the drift potential along the section ranges from 178.23 to 309.43 VU, the wind energy environment is low to medium, the resultant drift direction is between SW-WSW, and the wind direction variation rate is medium. The annual average dune movement speed is between 3.16 and 6.26 m.a^-1, and there are obvious spatial differences in dune movement speed and direction. The consistency between dune movement direction and the resultant drift direction is poor in some sections. Based on the above environmental characteristics of the desert highway sections, a sand control system for the desert highway, combining blocking and solidification, is proposed. The results of our study have practical application value in the development of prevention and mitigation measures for desert highway sand damage.

Key words: desert highway, sand damage management, drift potential, dunes movement

马奔腾,程建军,雷加强,丁泊淞,高丽,安元锋,郑智鹏. 南疆塔中-38团沙漠公路沿线风沙输移规律与防沙体系研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1663-1672.

MA Benteng,CHENG Jianjun,LEI Jiaqiang,DING Bosong,GAO Li,An Yuanfeng,ZHENG Zhipeng. Transport law and control system of wind-blown sand along the desert highway of South Xinjiang Tazhong-38th Corp[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1663-1672.

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研究区	影像日期	中心坐标	研究区	影像日期	中心坐标
段1	2013-03-17	83.63°E,39.04°N	段5	2007-04-29	83.87°E,38.53°N
段1	2016-03-03	83.63°E,39.04°N	段5	2011-08-19	83.87°E,38.53°N
段2	2013-03-17	83.66°E,38.98°N	段6	2007-04-29	83.87°E,38.41°N
段2	2016-03-03	83.66°E,38.98°N	段6	2011-08-19	83.87°E,38.41°N
段3	2016-03-02	83.66°E,38.89°N	段7	2011-08-19	83.95°E,38.16°N
段3	2019-08-19	83.66°E,38.89°N	段7	2013-06-20	83.95°E,38.16°N
段4	2007-04-29	83.72°E,38.78°N	段8	2010-12-08	84.02°E,37.97°N
段4	2012-09-27	83.72°E,38.78°N	段8	2013-12-07	84.02°E,37.97°N

研究区	年份	DP/VU	RDP/VU	RDD/（°）	RDP/DP	研究区	年份	DP/VU	RDP/VU	RDD/（°）	RDP/DP
段1	2013	178.23	129.37	242	0.73	段5	2007	220.96	136.66	240	0.62
段1	2016	228.63	135.51	245	0.59	段5	2011	215.03	143.86	238	0.67
段2	2013	182.06	131.50	241	0.72	段6	2007	230.30	143.06	240	0.62
段2	2016	231.45	138.67	244	0.60	段6	2011	224.00	149.04	238	0.67
段3	2016	236.82	144.83	243	0.61	段7	2011	230.89	137.67	237	0.60
段3	2019	185.85	133.51	236	0.72	段7	2013	217.03	139.33	232	0.64
段4	2007	225.52	138.70	241	0.62	段8	2010	309.43	26.35	221	0.09
段4	2012	183.24	135.12	242	0.74	段8	2013	220.82	119.57	230	0.54