土壤水分和氮素对春小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物的抗逆性与其清除活性氧(ROS)的能力相关,提高抗氧化代谢水平是增强植物胁迫耐性的有效途径。以抗旱性不同的3个品种为材料,研究土壤水分和氮素水平及其耦合效应对春小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响,以探讨水、氮对春小麦抗氧化系统的影响规律及抗氧化系统与抗旱性间的关系。结果表明:干旱胁迫使春小麦叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,膜质过氧化程度加重,同时叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性和抗坏血酸(ASA)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量升高,以减缓氧化伤害。高氮高水条件下,春小麦叶片细胞膜的氧化损伤最小;高氮低水处理下,抗氧化系统的活性最强,施氮能提高春小麦叶片抗氧化系统的活性。3个供试品种中,宁春4号对水分胁迫最敏感,和尚头和宁春4号对氮敏感;和尚头耐旱性及抗氧化能力最强,旱地品种定西35号次之,宁春4号耐旱性最差。

关键词: 春小麦, 叶片, 抗氧化系统, 抗旱性, 土壤水分, 氮

Abstract: In arid and semiarid regions, shortage of water resources is the main factor restricting plant growth and crop production. One of the important biochemical mechanisms of plants is to adapt drought stress with their antioxidative system. Nitrogen can not only replenish soil nutrients, but can also promote plant growth and reduce soil evaporation, so it can improve water use efficiency. However, there are the differences in drought resistance mechanisms among plant species and cultivars, and the relationships among drought resistance, antioxidative system and application of nitrogenous fertilizer, especially the role of nitrogen in regulating lipid peroxidation, still need to be explored. In this paper, the effects of soil moisture content and application of nitrogenous fertilizer as well as their coupling effects on the antioxidation of leaves of three drought-resistant wheat cultivars are investigated so as to explore the relationship between their antioxidative system and drought resistance. Random plot container planting experiments of nine combinations with three levels of soil moisture and nitrogen content were conducted in 2008 and 2009. The soil moisture gradients were controlled at three levels of 80%-85%, 60%-65% and 40%-45% of the maximum soil water-holding capacity by weighing and adjusting pot weights every two days. Urea with pure nitrogen levels of 0.25 g/kg, 0.15 g/kg and 0.05 g/kg in fertilizer was applied in the pot soil respectively. Leaf samples were collected from the three spring wheat cultivars at the end of tilling stage and jointing stage to derive the biochemical indexes. A Ci-310 portable photosynthesis system was used to measure the net photosynthetic rate of upper fully-expanded leaves during the period of 9:00-10:00 from 12 to 14 May. The results show that the malonaldehyde (MDA) content in the spring wheat leaves was increased significantly under drought stress. There was a significant negative correlation between the MDA content in leaves of three spring wheat cultivars and the soil moisture and nitrogen content, and also between the MDA content and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and dry matter weight (DW). Moreover, at tilling stage and jointing stage, the activities of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the contents of ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) also increased to reduce the oxidative damage. Moreover, ROS increase improved the antioxidative enzyme activity and the antioxidative substance content. The cell membrane oxidative damage of spring wheat leaves was the lowest under high soil moisture and nitrogen content, while the activity of antioxidative system was the highest under low soil moisture content and high nitrogen treatment, which reveals that nitrogen can improve the activity of antioxidative system in spring wheat leaves. The antioxidative enzyme activity, antioxidative substance content and their changes of the three cultivars were higher at jointing stage than that at tilling stage. Among the three cultivars tested,Ningchun No. 4 was the most susceptible to water deficient, the sensitivity of Heshangtou to nitrogen was similar to that of Ningchun No. 4, the antioxidative capacity and drought tolerance of Heshangtou was the highest, and then those of Dingxi No. 35, and those of Ningchun No. 4 was the lowest. Application of nitrogenous fertilizer can not only increase plant roots and shoot ratio, enhance water absorption of crops, reduce water demand for crop growth and improve water use efficiency, but can also improve the antioxidative system activity, and therefore enhance the drought resistance of plants. The shoot ratio of Heshangtou was high, which can improve its adaptability to drought. Pn of Dingxi No. 35 was higher than that of Ningchun No. 4, and there was a significant positive correlation between the Pn and the antioxidative enzyme activity and antioxidative substance content of Dingxi No. 35. The Pn in Dingxi No. 35 leaves was higher than that in Ningchun No. 4 mainly due to the higher photosynthetic apparatus activity of Dingxi No. 35 after applying nitrogenous fertilizer.

Key words: spring wheat, leaf, antioxygenic system, drought resistance, soil moisture content, nitrogen

中图分类号:

Q948.11

孙小妹, 张涛, 陈年来, 张凯. 土壤水分和氮素对春小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(2): 205-214.

SUN Xiao-mei, ZHANG Tao, CHEN Nian-lai, ZHANG Kai. Study on Antioxygenic System in Leaves of Three Spring Wheat Cultivars with Different Drought-resistant Capabilities under Different Soil Moisture Content and Nitrogen Levels[J]. , 2011, 28(2): 205-214.

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