新疆山地针叶林的群落结构及其影响因素

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对阿尔泰山、天山北坡、天山南坡和昆仑山11个点120个针叶林样方的调查,研究了新疆山地针叶林群落结构的分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明:天山北坡针叶林树高、胸径、总胸高断面积以及蓄积量最高,其次是阿尔泰山,而天山南坡和昆仑山较低;4个地区的立木密度无显著差异。在不同森林类型中,昆仑柏类林的胸径、树高、总胸高断面积以及蓄积量都低于其他类型。新疆山地针叶林的平均树高、最大树高、平均胸径和总胸高断面积随海拔升高显著下降,随年降水的升高显著升高,随年平均气温的升高显著下降。新疆针叶林群落结构主要受年降水、坡向和湿润度的影响。

关键词: 年降水量, 年平均气温, 群落结构, 针叶林, 新疆

Abstract: Spatial distribution patterns and environmental factors of forests are one of the primary topics of forest ecology. In this paper, the patterns and affecting factors of community structure of mountain coniferous forests in Xinjiang are explored after carrying out the survey of 120 plots of 11 locations in the Altay Mountains (Altay), northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NT in abbreviation, the same below), southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (ST) and the Kunlun Mountains (KL). The results show that the mean stem height (H_m), maximum stem height (H_max), mean stem diameter at breast height (DBH_m), maximum stem diameter at breast height (DBH_max), total basal area (TBA) and stem volume of coniferous forests were the highest in NT, followed by Altay, ST and KL. There was no significant difference of stem density among the four regions. Among different forest types, community structure characteristics of Juniperus centrasiatica and J. jarkendensis forests were all lower significantly than those of other forests. In Xinjiang, H_m, H_max, DBH_m and TBA of mountain coniferous forests decreased significantly with the increase of altitude and mean annual temperature (MAT), but increased significantly with the increase of annual precipitation (AP). A general linear model (GLM) indicated that AP, aspect and moisture of plots were the most important factors affecting community structure of these coniferous forests in Xinjiang.

Key words: annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, community structure, coniferous forests, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

Q948.15

李利平, 刘怿宁, 唐志尧, 郭兆迪, 方精云. 新疆山地针叶林的群落结构及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(1): 31-39.

LI Li-ping, LIU Yi-ning, TANG Zhi-yao, GUO Zhao-di, FANG Jing-yun. Community Structure and Its Affecting Factors of Mountain Coniferous Forests in Xinjiang,China[J]. , 2011, 28(1): 31-39.

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