干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 185-209.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.19

• 植物与植物生理 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆荒漠一年生植物区系组成、分布及资源类型

杜佳倩(),刘彤,王寒月,赵文轩,王杰,徐文斌()   

  1. 石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆 石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-30 修回日期:2021-08-05 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-01-24
  • 通讯作者: 徐文斌
  • 作者简介:杜佳倩（1995-）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区植物与植被生态方面的研究. E-mail: 1349853256@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31770461)

Floristic composition, distribution, and resource types of desert annual plants in Xinjiang

DU Jiaqian(),LIU Tong,WANG Hanyue,ZHAO Wenxuan,WANG Jie,XU Wenbin()   

  1. College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xingjiang, China
  • Received:2020-11-30 Revised:2021-08-05 Online:2022-01-15 Published:2022-01-24
  • Contact: Wenbin XU

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摘要：

荒漠一年生植物生长速度快、繁殖力强,具有重要的饲用、药用和生态价值。通过文献资料与标本采集信息的考证和野外调查,明确了新疆荒漠一年生植物的物种数量、分布特征及资源类型。结果表明：新疆荒漠一年生植物共有236种,隶属于20科109属,其中藜科为优势科,猪毛菜属为优势属。科可划分为4个分布区类型,以世界广布科为主,占总科数的65%;属可划分为9个分布区类型、8个变型,以温带分布属为主,占总属数的77.98%。在主要荒漠类型中,沙质、砾质和盐质荒漠中一年生植物分别有126种、96种和51种,分别占总种数的53.38%、40.67%和21.61%。在这些物种中,具有饲用和药用价值的资源分别有51种和55种,其中藜科和菊科植物占优势;具有重要生态价值的冬季一年生植物有64种,主要集中在十字花科、禾本科、菊科和紫草科。

关键词: 荒漠, 一年生植物, 区系地理, 资源利用, 新疆

Abstract:

Desert annual plants grow rapidly and have a large seed output that has important feeding, medicinal, and ecological value. By checking documentaries, the information from herbarium collections, and field investigation results, this study aimed to define the number of species, distribution characteristics, and resource types of desert annual plants in Xinjiang. Results showed that Xinjiang has 236 species of desert annuals belonging to 109 genera in 20 families, among which Chenopodiaceae is the dominant family and Salsola is the dominant genera. Families could be divided into four areal types, with the cosmopolitan type comprising 65% of all families and occupying the dominant status in the flora. The genera could be divided into nine areal types and eight subtypes, with dominant temperate genera comprising 77.98% of all genera. Among the main desert types, 126, 96, and 51 species of desert annual plants grow in sandy, gravel, and saline conditions, representing 53.38%, 40.67%, and 21.61% of all species, respectively. Among these species, 51 and 55 species of desert annual plants can be used as forage and medicine, respectively, among which species in Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae were dominant. There were 64 winter annual plants with important ecological value, mainly in Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Boraginaceae.

Key words: desert, annual plants, floristic geography, resource utilization, Xinjiang