新疆干旱区作物体系土壤温室气体排放对覆膜的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

覆膜是干旱区农田提高作物产量的有效途径,在农业生产中被广泛应用,探究不同作物体系下,土壤温室气体排放对覆膜的响应,对于农田温室气体减排具有重要意义。采用小区试验,对玉米和棉花小区内的覆膜与未覆膜土壤（MM、MN、CM、CN）的温室气体排放量进行原位观测。结果表明：（1）覆膜显著增加了土壤温度与含水量（P<0.05）。覆膜处理（MM、CM）土壤CH₄排放次数大于未覆膜处理（MN、CN）,2种体系中CH₄排放通量最高出现在MM与CM处理,分别为63.47 μg·m^-2·h^-1和16.67 μg·m ^-2·h^-1。（2） N₂O最高排放通量分别为MM（616.70 μg·m^-2·h^-1）与CN处理（244.92 μg·m ^-2·h^-1）。（3）玉米和棉花小区土壤CO₂排放通量最大值分别出现在7月（505.93 g·m^-2·h^-1）和6月（848.32 g·m^-2·h^-1）,之后均呈下降趋势。（4）土壤含水量对MM与CM处理的CH₄、N₂O和CO₂排放均产生了显著影响（P<0.05）。（5）土壤温度对MM处理CH₄排放具有显著影响,MM与CM处理的N₂O排放与土壤温度显著正相关,各处理CO₂排放均与土壤温度呈显著相关关系（P<0.05）。作物种类与地膜覆盖对CO₂排放产生了交互作用。（6） MM与MN处理土壤的增温潜势（GWP）显著高于CM与CN处理,增加量为61.83%~74.63%。农田土壤温室气体排放受覆膜和作物的综合影响,膜下土壤温室气体排放对水热因子的响应强于未覆膜土壤。

关键词: 干旱区农田, 玉米, 棉花, 地膜覆盖, 温室气体

Abstract:

Film mulching is an effective means of improving crop yield on farmland in arid areas; thus, it is widely used in agriculture. Therefore, it is important to explore the effects of film mulching under different crop systems on soil greenhouse gas emissions with the aim of reducing such emissions on farmland. The present study included a plot experiment and in situ observations of greenhouse gas emissions from film mulch-maize soils (MM), film mulch-cotton soils (CM), nonfilm mulch-maize soils (MN) and nonfilm mulch-cotton soils (CN) treated plots. Film mulching significantly increased the soil temperature and water content (P<0.05). The frequency of CH₄ emissions from film mulch-treated (MM and CM) soil was greater than that from nonfilm mulch-treated (MN and CN) soil. The highest emission fluxes of CH₄in each system appeared with the MM and CM treatments at 63.47 μg·m^-2·h^-1 and 16.67 μg·m ^-2·h^-1, respectively. The highest emission fluxes of N₂O occurred under the MM (616.70 μg·m^-2·h^-1) and CN (244.92 μg·m ^-2·h^-1) treatments. The maximum CO₂ emission flux in the soil of maize and cotton plots appeared in July (505.93 g·m^-2·h^-1) and June (848.32 g·m^-2·h^-1), respectively. Subsequently, all treatments showed a downward trend. The soil water content had significant effects on CH₄, N₂O, and CO₂ emissions under both MM and CM treatments (P<0.05). Soil temperature had a significant effect on the CH₄ emissions of MM-treated soil. N₂O emissions following treatment with MM and CM were significantly positively correlated with soil temperature. CO₂ emissions under each treatment were significantly correlated with soil temperature (P<0.05). Crop species and plastic mulching work together on CO₂ emissions. The global warming potential of MM-and MN-treated soils was significantly higher, by around 61.83%-74.63%, than that of CM-and CN-treated soils. Thus, soil greenhouse gas emissions in farmland are affected by the combination of film mulching and crop type. Furthermore, soil greenhouse gas emissions beneath film mulch treatments respond more strongly to hydrothermic factors than the emissions from nonfilm mulch-treated soils.

Key words: arid area farmland, maize, cotton, plastic film mulching, greenhouse gases

王旭阳,李典鹏,孙涛,孙霞,贾宏涛,李君,李新虎. 新疆干旱区作物体系土壤温室气体排放对覆膜的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 176-184.

WANG Xuyang,LI Dianpeng,SUN Tao,SUN Xia,JIA Hongtao,LI Jun,LI Xinhu. Effects of soil mulching on the greenhouse gas emissions of crops farmland in an arid area of Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 176-184.

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	变异来源	SS	df	均方	F值	P值
CH₄	作物	0.005	1	0.005	28.772	<0.05
	覆膜	0.001	1	0.001	0.895	>0.05
	作物×覆膜	0.001	1	0.001	0.572	>0.05
	重复测量误差	0.008	44	0.001
N₂O	作物	1.598×10⁴	1	1.598×10⁴	2.353	>0.05
	覆膜	3.337×10³	1	3.337×10³	0.409	>0.05
	作物×覆膜	0.002	1	0.002	0.001	>0.05
	重复测量误差	2.97×10⁵	44	6.755×10³
CO₂	作物	1.775×10⁶	1	1.775×10⁶	110.951	<0.05
	覆膜	0.003	1	0.003	0.409	<0.05
	作物×覆膜	4.489×10⁴	1	4.489×10⁴	2.806	<0.05
	重复测量误差	7.04×10⁵	44	1.6×10⁵

处理	CO₂/（t·hm^-2）	N₂O/（kg·hm^-2）	CH₄/（kg·hm^-2）	GWP/（kg·hm^-2）
CM	16.22±0.17bA	1.74±0.05bB	-0.70±0.02bB	440.30±9.85bB
CN	20.22±0.20aA	2.01±0.14bB	-0.97±0.02bB	506.00±11.26bB
MM	6.90±0.11aB	2.90±0.14aA	-0.17±0.02aA	768.90±15.96aA
MN	7.37±0.11aB	3.11±0.11aA	-0.23±0.0 aA	818.85±14.78aA