水分对尕海湿地退化演替土壤氮矿化的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水分是湿地土壤氮矿化过程的主要调控因子,对于湿地土壤中氮素循环过程具有重要作用。以甘南尕海湿地为研究对象,设置4个退化程度（未退化UD、轻度退化LD、中度退化MD和重度退化HD）和4个田间持水量（20% FC、40% FC、60% FC和80% FC）,通过室内49 d的好气培养,测定各处理条件下湿地土壤在0~10 cm土层的土壤氮矿化特征。结果表明：（1）在各水分条件下,随着培养时间的延长,4种退化程度土壤氨化速率、硝化速率和净氮矿化速率均呈先增大后减小的趋势。（2）土壤净氮矿化量均值随水分的增加先增大后减小,60% FC条件下,各退化程度土壤净氮矿化量均值变化范围为34.91~44.94 mg·kg^-1,较20% FC、40% FC和80% FC分别高出22.31~30.29 mg·kg^-1、10.91~19.84 mg·kg^-1、8.57~19.50 mg·kg^-1。（3）土壤净氮矿化量均值和净氮矿化速率均值均随湿地退化程度的增加而减小。适宜水分有利于土壤氮矿化,而水分过高不利于土壤氮矿化;同时,湿地退化降低了土壤氮矿化。

关键词: 氮矿化, 土壤含水量, 尕海湿地, 水分, 退化程度

Abstract:

Moisture is the main regulatory factor of nitrogen mineralization processes in wetland soils, where it also plays an important role in nitrogen circulation. Using Gannan Gahai wetland as study area, four degradation gradients (nondegraded, UD; slightly degraded, LD; moderately degraded, MD; and severely degraded, HD), and four field water holding capacity(20% FC, 40% FC, 60% FC and 80% FC)—were established, and the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of the wetland soil in the 0-10 cm soil layer were measured by aerobic incubation for 49 days. The results showed that (1) under various water conditions, the ammoniation, nitrification, and net nitrogen mineralization rates increased at first, and then decreased with the increase of incubation time. (2) With the increase in water content, the average value of soil net nitrogen mineralization initially increased and then it decreased; at 60% FC, the value in degraded soil was 34.91-44.94 mg·kg^-1, compared with 20% FC, 40% FC, and 80% FC, it was 22.31-30.29 mg·kg^-1、10.91-19.84 mg·kg^-1、8.57-19.50 mg·kg^-1, respectively. (3) The mean value of net nitrogen mineralization and its corresponding rate decreased with the increasing level of wetland degradation. An adequate amount of moisture favors soil nitrogen mineralization, while excessive moisture is unfavorable to this process and, at the same time, wetland degradation reduces it.

Key words: nitrogen mineralization, soil moisture content, Gahai Wetland, moisture, degree of degradation

宋良翠,马维伟,李广,龙永春,常文华. 水分对尕海湿地退化演替土壤氮矿化的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 165-175.

SONG Liangcui,MA Weiwei,LI Guang,LONG Yongchun,CHANG Wenhua. Effect of water on nitrogen mineralization in degraded succession of Gahai Wetland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 165-175.

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退化程度	植被盖度/%	优势种组成	生物量/(g·m^-2)	基本情况
未退化（UD）	96.25±5.32	蕨麻（Potentilla anserina）、散穗早熟禾（Poa subfastigiata）	355.90±174.64	湿地植物是主要物种,其凋落物和根系较多,季节性水较浅,地下水位在20~40 cm。
轻度退化（LD）	86.34±7.36	甘肃蒿草（Kobresia kansuensis）、棘豆（Oxytropis）	293.02±143.93	湿地植物是主要的伴生物种。裸露的土壤表面积为5％~10％,无积水。地下水位为40~70 cm。
中度退化（MD）	45.33±13.34	问荆（Equisetum arvense）、矮生嵩草（Kobresia humilis）	185.73±134.90	湿地植物是常见的伴生物种或偶发物种,并且会出现一些有毒的杂草。裸露的土壤表面积为10％~30％,无积水。地下水位低于70 cm。
重度退化（HD）	<1	由于严重退化,只有零星的植被,暴露的表面积超过90％		严重退化,地表几乎没有植物生长,地表有轻微风蚀。

退化程度	pH	容重/(g·cm^-3)	有机质/(g·kg^-1)	全氮/(g·kg^-1)	全磷/(g·kg^-1)	全钾/(g·kg^-1)
未退化（UD）	7.92±0.04	0.36±0.01	65.82±13.64	2.13±1.01	1.48±0.51	6.03±0.41
轻度退化（LD）	7.79±0.06	0.39±0.02	65.45±9.67	1.88±0.66	1.29±0.30	6.02±0.44
中度退化（MD）	7.77±0.08	0.61±0.05	54.39±10.66	1.64±0.92	1.17±0.08	5.74±0.26
重度退化（HD）	7.76±0.06	0.56±0.03	53.63±10.66	1.63±0.63	1.15±0.22	5.58±0.42

退化程度	土壤含水量/%
未退化（UD）	96.68
轻度退化（LD）	49.78
中度退化（MD）	32.64
重度退化（HD）	21.56

因变量	变异来源	自由度	均方	F值	P值
氨化速率	水分	3	5.030	588.637	<0.01
	退化程度	3	2.807	328.521	<0.01
	水分×退化程度	9	0.188	22.035	<0.01
硝化速率	水分	3	2.086	196.784	<0.01
	退化程度	3	0.182	17.193	<0.01
	水分×退化程度	9	0.045	4.236	<0.01
净氮矿化速率	水分	3	3.097	80.048	<0.01
	退化程度	3	0.102	2.641	>0.05
	水分×退化程度	9	0.339	8.750	<0.01
净氮矿化量	水分	3	1435.748	1120.378	<0.01
	退化程度	3	164.561	128.414	<0.01
	水分×退化程度	9	28.914	22.563	<0.01