和田地区地下水中氟的分布特征及形成过程

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.16

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 155-164.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.16

和田地区地下水中氟的分布特征及形成过程

时雯雯^1,^2,³(),周金龙^1,^2,³(),曾妍妍^1,^2,³,孙英^1,^2,³

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2021-03-30 修回日期:2021-06-04 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-01-24
通讯作者: 周金龙
作者简介:时雯雯（1997-）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区地下水资源评价与保护方面的研究. E-mail: 1542094922@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42067035);国家自然科学基金(42007161)

Distribution characteristics and formation of fluorinein groundwater in Hotan Prefecture

SHI Wenwen^1,^2,³(),ZHOU Jinlong^1,^2,³(),ZENG Yanyan^1,^2,³,SUN Ying^1,^2,³

1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China

Received:2021-03-30 Revised:2021-06-04 Online:2022-01-15 Published:2022-01-24
Contact: Jinlong ZHOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

和田地区位于新疆西南部,气候干燥,降水稀少,地下水是和田地区重要的饮用水源,查明和田地区地下水中氟的分布及成因对人体健康具有重要意义。基于新疆和田地区2002—2018年217组浅层地下水水质检测结果,运用GIS技术、数理统计法、Gibbs图及水文地球化学模拟等方法研究和田地区浅层地下水中氟的时空分布特征及形成过程。结果表明：研究区地下水中氟的变化范围为0.05~16.95 mg·L^-1,均值为1.38 mg·L^-1,超标率高达36.1%。水平方向上高氟地下水呈小范围零星分布;垂直方向上随井深的增加氟含量呈下降趋势。随时间的增加地下水氟含量呈增加趋势。地下水中的氟与水化学环境具有一定的关系,高碱度和HCO^-₃浓度会增加氟化物在地下水中的溶解度。除水文地质条件及水化学环境外,强烈的蒸发浓缩作用、水-岩相互作用及阳离子交替吸附作用控制着地下水系统中氟的迁移和富集过程。

关键词: 和田地区, 高氟地下水, 成因分析, 水文地球化学模型

Abstract:

Hotan Prefecture is located in southwestern Xinjiang, and is characterized by a dry climate and sparse rainfall. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in this area, therefore, determining the distribution of fluorine and the causes of the presence of this element in groundwater in the area is of great significance for human health. Based on the results of a group of 217 shallow groundwater quality tests conducted in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, from 2002 to 2018, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and formation of fluoride in shallow groundwater were here studied using GIS software, mathematical statistics, Gibbs diagrams, hydrogeochemical simulations, and other methods. The results show that the variation range of fluorine in groundwater was 0.05-16.95 mg·L^-1, with an average value of 1.38 mg·L^-1, and the over-standard rate was as high as 36.1%. In terms of its spatial distribution, the high-fluorine groundwater was distributed sporadically within a small range, while vertically, the fluorine content decreased with the increase of well depth. With time, the groundwater fluorine content also showed an increasing trend, suggesting a specific relationship with the hydrochemical environment. High alkalinity and HCO^-₃ concentrations will increase the solubility of fluoride in groundwater. In addition to the primary hydrogeological conditions and hydrochemical environment, strong evaporation concentration, water-rock interactions, and cation exchange adsorption have some effects on the migration and enrichment of fluorine.

Key words: Hotan Prefecture, high-fluoride groundwater, cause analysis, hydrogeochemical model

时雯雯,周金龙,曾妍妍,孙英. 和田地区地下水中氟的分布特征及形成过程[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 155-164.

SHI Wenwen,ZHOU Jinlong,ZENG Yanyan,SUN Ying. Distribution characteristics and formation of fluorinein groundwater in Hotan Prefecture[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 155-164.

图/表 15

图1

表1

图2

表2

水化学类型与F-的关系（n=119）"

地下水类型	水化学类型	$F ¯ -$ /(mg·L^-1)
潜水	HCO₃∙Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca	0.59
	HCO₃∙Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca∙Mg	0.92
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca	0.68
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Mg	1.31
	Cl∙SO₄-Na	1.61
	Cl-Na	2.60
浅层承压水	HCO₃∙Cl∙SO₄-Na·Mg	0.95
	SO₄-Na∙Mg	0.44
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca∙Mg	0.59
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Mg	6.68
	Cl∙SO₄-Na	2.18
	Cl-Na	4.31

表2

图3

表3

图4

表4

表5

各离子间Pearson相关关系（n=119）"

	pH	TDS	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$S O 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	F^-
pH	1.000
TDS	0.229^*	1.000
K⁺	0.248^**	0.942^**	1.000
Na⁺	0.245^**	0.991^**	0.946^**	1.000
Ca²⁺	-0.197^*	0.150	0.072	0.037	1.000
Mg²⁺	0.118	0.696^**	0.562^**	0.598^**	0.546^**	1.000
Cl^-	0.225^*	0.984^**	0.977^**	0.988^**	0.079	0.602^**	1.000
$S O 4 2 -$	0.198^*	0.932^**	0.782^**	0.887^**	0.343^**	0.854^**	0.857^**	1.000
$HC O 3 -$	0.258^**	0.921^**	0.857^**	0.933^**	-0.041	0.565^**	0.900^**	0.833^**	1.000
F^-	0.202^*	0.411^**	0.450^**	0.392^**	0.073	0.367^**	0.397^**	0.400^**	0.383^**	1.000

表5

图5

图6

图7

表6

各路径水文点分析数据（n=6）"

参数	潜水（路径Ⅰ）			浅层承压水（路径Ⅱ）
参数	a（起点）	b	c（终点）	a'（起点）	b'	c'（终点）
pH	8.64	8.28	8.32	8	8.25	8.23
TDS	535.5	8465.29	1895.74	2702.63	10249.74	4578.02
K⁺	8.89	171.68	27.31	29.87	193.70	93.65
Na⁺	81.90	1584.61	369.62	413.79	2170.10	1057.59
Ca²⁺	47.34	381.14	40.12	196.82	377.58	220.66
Mg²⁺	29.69	498.85	143.57	199.78	690.70	175.21
Cl^-	120.46	2905.16	488.92	371.29	2976.01	1417.15
$S O 4 2 -$	105.37	2543.81	635.46	1391.14	3607.56	1361.67
$HCO 3 -$	214.92	708.26	341.92	162.35	390.61	464.03
F^-	0.44	1.42	3.88	0.44	16.2	2.18

表6

表7

反向水文地球化学模拟结果（n=119）"

路径	潜水			浅层承压水
路径	a~b	b~c	总和	a'~b'	b'~c'	总和
NaX	$2.008 × 10 - 3$	$4.594 × 10 - 3$	$6.602 × 10 - 3$	$8.190 × 10 - 3$	$1.308 × 10 - 2$	$2.127 × 10 - 2$
CaX₂	$- 1.044 × 10 - 3$	$- 2.297 × 10 - 3$	$- 3.341 × 10 - 3$	$- 4.095 × 10 - 3$	$- 5.189 × 10 - 3$	$- 9.284 × 10 - 3$
CO₂	$6.278 × 10 - 3$	$3.207 × 10 - 3$	$9.485 × 10 - 3$	$3.459 × 10 - 3$	$4.332 × 10 - 3$	$7.781 × 10 - 3$
硬石膏	$- 2.773 × 101$	$- 2.775 × 101$	$- 5.548 × 101$	$- 2.772 × 101$	$- 2.774 × 101$	$- 5.546 × 101$
方解石	$- 3.426 × 10 - 2$	$- 9.609 × 10 - 3$	$- 4.207 × 10 - 2$	$- 5.347 × 10 - 2$	$- 1.039 × 10 - 2$	$- 6.386 × 10 - 2$
白云石	$2.070 × 10 - 2$	$6.509 × 10 - 3$	$2.721 × 10 - 2$	$2.871 × 10 - 2$	$7.526 × 10 - 3$	$3.624 × 10 - 2$
萤石	$3.770 × 10 - 5$	$1.023 × 10 - 4$	$1.400 × 10 - 4$	$4.308 × 10 - 4$	$5.765 × 10 - 5$	$4.885 × 10 - 4$
石膏	$2.776 × 101$	$2.775 × 101$	$5.551 × 101$	$2.775 × 101$	$2.776 × 101$	$5.551 × 101$
岩盐	$7.440 × 10 - 2$	$1.313 × 10 - 2$	$8.753 × 10 - 2$	$8.483 × 10 - 2$	$3.816 × 10 - 2$	$1.230 × 10 - 1$

表7

图8

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类型	统计量	pH	TDS	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	F^-
潜水	最小值	7.01	414.9	7.0	32.0	11.6	12.4	92.1	19.0	36.6	0.10
	最大值	9.63	41282.7	578.3	13582.1	401.1	760.5	14348.6	9889.7	3954.0	16.95
	平均值	8.04	2006.6	32.2	477.1	90.8	84.1	600.2	533.4	343.6	1.23
	标准差	0.46	4251.8	63.7	1387.4	61.0	111.3	1501.9	1058.5	402.6	1.84
	变异系数	5.7	211.9	197.5	290.8	67.3	132.3	250.2	198.4	117.2	150.05
	偏度	0.1	7.7	6.8	8.2	2.5	3.7	7.6	6.8	7.0	6.3
浅层承压水	最小值	7.86	536.2	9.5	65.3	32.1	29.1	99.2	146.4	85.5	0.44
	最大值	8.48	25818.2	710.0	8848.9	377.6	690.7	12364.6	3607.6	1933.1	16.20
	平均值	8.18	6068.8	143.3	1674.1	146.0	191.8	2312.8	1330.4	490.1	3.56
	标准差	0.19	8039.7	222.0	2790.0	109.8	200.2	3906.6	1168.9	567.1	4.93
	变异系数	2.3	132.5	154.9	166.7	75.2	104.4	168.9	87.9	115.7	138.4
	偏度	0.3	2.2	2.5	2.5	1.1	2.2	2.6	1.0	2.4	2.5
全水样	最小值	7.01	414.9	7.0	32.1	11.6	12.4	92.1	19.0	36.6	0.05
	最大值	9.63	41282.7	710.0	13582.1	401.1	760.5	14348.6	9889.7	3954.0	16.95
	平均值	8.05	2279.7	39.7	557.6	94.5	91.4	715.3	587.0	353.5	1.38
	标准差	0.45	4716.2	88.7	1552.0	66.9	122.4	1820.5	1084.8	417.3	2.27
	变异系数	5.6	206.9	223.4	278.3	70.8	133.9	254.5	184.8	118.1	164.7
	偏度	0.1	6.2	6.0	6.7	2.4	3.5	6.1	6.0	6.3	5.4

类型	统计量	墨玉县（n=24）	和田县（n=9）	和田市（n=9）	洛浦县（n=28）	策勒县（n=17）	于田县（n=13）	民丰县（n=18）
潜水	最大值	1.96	1.19	5.06	4.65	1.06	3.88	16.95
	最小值	0.24	<0.05	0.49	0.1	0.3	0.36	0.28
	平均值	0.92	0.66	1.55	1.14	0.62	1.07	3.10
浅层承压水	最大值	-	-	-	-	-	2.83	16.2
	最小值	-	-	-	-	-	1.01	0.44
	平均值	-	-	-	-	-	1.92	4.11

取样点编号	2002年	2011年	2014年
X₁	0.48	0.89	-
X₂	0.33	0.38	-
X₃	-	0.44	0.46
X₄	-	0.31	0.16
X₅	-	0.79	1.50
X₆	0.37	0.70	0.40
X₇	0.22	0.27	0.60

和田地区地下水中氟的分布特征及形成过程

Distribution characteristics and formation of fluorinein groundwater in Hotan Prefecture

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