念青唐古拉山西段冰湖时空变化分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于多源、多期遥感影像与DEM提取的冰湖数据,分析了念青唐古拉山西段1991—2017年冰湖不同维度的分布变化,在此基础上研究了冰湖数量、面积变化与气温、降水变化的关系。结果表明:（1）近年来,研究区的冰湖数量与面积均呈上升趋势,冰湖数量增加161个,面积增加1.185 km²。其中,1991—2006年平稳增长,2006—2017年大幅增长。（2）冰湖面积与数量在中高海拔范围内均呈增长趋势。新增冰湖主要分布在海拔5400~5700 m,冰湖数量占整体数量的72.41%。（3）分布在不同朝向冰湖的增长速率不同。西南向冰湖增长较为迅速,朝北向冰湖增长相对缓慢。（4）气温上升引起的冰川消融是冰湖生长的间接因素,降水是冰湖生长的重要因素。面积小的冰湖对气候的响应更灵敏,变化更显著,面积大的冰湖,变化幅度小,表明冰湖的动态变化与气候变化紧密相关。通过探究念青唐古拉山西段冰湖变化对冰湖溃决灾害的预测具有重要的指示意义。

关键词: 念青唐古拉山西段, 遥感, 冰湖, 气候变化

Abstract:

Based on the multi-source remote sensing image and DEM data, we analyzed the distribution and analysis of different dimensions of glacial lakes in western Nyainqentanglha from 1991 to 2017. Then we analyzed the relationship between changes in ice lakes and temperature and precipitation. The research results showed that the number and area of ice lakes in the study area had increased recently. They increased steadily from 1991 to 2006 and expanded from 2006 to 2107. The number of ice lakes increased by 161, and the area by 1.185 km² in 26 years. The area and number of ice lakes are increasing in the middle-and high-altitude range. The newly-added ice lakes are mainly 5400-5700 m above sea level, and the number of ice lakes accounts for 72.41% of the total number. The distribution and growth rates of glacial lakes with different aspects are different. The glacial lake on the southwest slope grew rapidly, while the north slope’s glacial lake grew slowly. Glacier melting caused by rising temperatures is an indirect factor for ice lake growth, and precipitation is an essential factor for ice lake growth. Ice lakes with smaller area grades have a more sensitive response to climate and more significant changes. Ice lakes with larger area grades have stronger stability and smaller changes. The dynamic change of ice lakes is closely related to climate change, and it is instructive for predicting glaciers change and ice lake collapse disasters in western Nyainqentanglha.

Key words: western Nyainqentanglha Range, remote sensing, glacial lake, climate change

陶静,赵文吉,王旭,薛进. 念青唐古拉山西段冰湖时空变化分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 618-628.

TAO Jing,ZHAO Wenji,WANG Xu,XUE Jin. Spatial changes of the glacial lakes in the western Nyainqentanglha Range[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 618-628.

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传感器	成像时间	轨道参数	平均云量/%	分辨率（全色/多光谱）/m	用途
Landsat 4/5 TM	1991-09-15	138/039	7	30/120	冰湖提取
Landsat 4/5 TM	1996-10-13	138/039	4	30/120	冰湖提取
Landsat 7 ETM+	2001-11-04	138/039	3	15/30	冰湖提取
Landsat 5 TM	2011-10-07	138/039	4	30/120	冰湖提取
Landsat 7 ETM+	2010-09-26	138/039	38.12	15/30	参考数据
Landsat 7 ETM+	2012-10-17	138/039	30.3	15/30	参考数据
Landsat 8 OLI	2017-10-07	138/039	5.58	15/30	冰湖提取
Landsat 8 OLI	2017-10-23	138/039	2.67	15/30	参考数据
Google Earth	2017-10-09	-	-	4	参考数据

年份	面积/km²	数量/个	较前一时期面积变化/km²	较前一时期增加的冰湖数量/个
1991	5.297	219
1996	5.674	253	0.377	34
2001	5.913	273	0.239	20
2006	6.022	291	0.109	18
2011	6.276	322	0.254	31
2017	6.482	380	0.206	58

朝向	1991年		1996年		2001年		2006年		2011年		2017年
朝向	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个
北	0.001	1	0.005	3	0	0	0.005	4	0.005	3	0.009	6
东北	0.47	19	0.0203	7	0.047	13	0.062	16	0.04	12	0.056	13
东	1.232	37	1.48	19	1.496	27	1.358	36	1.113	24	1.601	27
东南	1.203	55	0.604	44	0.846	54	1.268	63	0.928	48	0.442	55
南	1.928	69	2.556	105	2.903	117	2.861	108	2.721	123	3.007	157
西南	0.386	18	0.885	51	0.539	45	0.361	38	1.243	68	1.111	68
西	0.055	12	0.09	17	0.038	9	0.08	16	0.172	35	0.178	35
西北	0.021	8	0.035	7	0.044	8	0.026	10	0.053	9	0.079	19

冰湖规模/km²	1991年		1996年		2001年		2006年		2011年		2017年
冰湖规模/km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²	数量/个	面积 /km²
<0.01	117	0.532	144	0.693	161	0.814	183	0.723	209	0.901	255	0.981
0.01~0.05	75	1.611	81	1.79	82	1.8334	79	1.881	81	1.857	97	2.244
0.05~0.10	13	0.864	16	1.127	19	1.318	15	1.042	20	1.347	15	1.037
0.10~0.2	12	1.792	8	1.125	8	1.251	10	1.381	10	1.555	11	1.636
>0.2	2	0.497	4	0.939	3	0.696	4	0.994	2	0.615	2	0.584