环境因素及种间竞争在群落多样性格局中的作用

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.06.20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以内蒙古典型草原多年围封草场的丘坡为研究区,沿坡面均匀设置6条样线,共计96个样方,探究坡位对典型草原群落物种多样性和功能多样性的影响,并讨论环境因素和种间竞争在群落两种维度多样性格局中的作用。结果表明:① 物种多样性和功能多样性沿坡位变化的趋势一致。随着坡位上升,群落的物种丰富度和功能丰富度均单调递减,物种均匀度、物种优势度和功能均匀度、功能离散度均先增加后降低。② 从整个坡位来看,土壤全磷含量是影响群落物种丰富度的主要因子,并与功能丰富度显著相关;种间竞争是影响物种均匀度、物种优势度和功能离散度的重要因素,并与功能均匀度显著相关。③ 群落物种多样性及功能多样性在上坡位主要受到种间竞争与环境的共同作用,在下坡位则主要受到种间竞争的影响。因此,在探究群落生物多样性格局变化的过程中,要综合考虑环境因素和生物因素的共同作用。

关键词: 坡位, 物种多样性, 功能多样性, 种间竞争, 内蒙古

Abstract: This study was conducted in hillside in a typical grassland enclosed for many years in Inner Mongolia,and six transects with 96 sample plots in total were evenly designed along the slope.The purposes of the study were to explore the effects of slope position on species diversity and functional diversity of a typical grassland community,and to discuss the effects of environmental factors and interspecific competition in two different dimensions of diversity.The results showed that: ① The trend of species diversity and functional diversity of the community was consistent with the change of slope position.With the increase of slope position,the species richness and functional richness of the community decreased monotonically; while the species evenness,species dominance,functional evenness and functional dispersion increased at first and then decreased; ② The total phosphorus content on the whole slope was the main factor affecting the species richness of the community and correlated with the functional richness significantly.Interspecific competition was the key factor affecting the species evenness,species dominance,functional dispersion and functional evenness and correlated with the functional evenness significantly; ③ The species diversity and functional diversity of the community were mainly affected by the interspecific competition and environmental factors in the uphill position,but mainly affected by interspecific competition in the downhill position.Therefore,the joint effects of environmental factors and biological factors should be taken into account in exploring the change of community biodiversity pattern.

Key words: slope position, species diversity, functional diversity, interspecific competition, Inner Mongolia

朱羚, 金一兰, 丛日慧, 刘庆福, 丁勇, 张庆. 环境因素及种间竞争在群落多样性格局中的作用[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(6): 1427-1435.

ZHU Ling, JIN Yi-lan, CONG Ri-hui, LIU Qing-fu, DING Yong, ZHANG Qing. Effects of Environmental Factors and Interspecific Competition in Community Biodiversity Pattern[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(6): 1427-1435.

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