干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 861-868.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2015.05.05

• 土壤环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆覆盖对土柱垂直一维水分传输与蒸发的影响

张金珠1,2, 王振华1,2, 虎胆·吐马尔白3   

  1. 1.石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000;
    2.现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000;
    3.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-17 修回日期:2014-06-17 出版日期:2015-09-15 发布日期:2015-10-14
  • 作者简介:张金珠(1980-),女,讲师,博士,主要从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究. E-mail: xjshzzjz@sina.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51369027);现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室(石河子大学)开放基金(JSGG2011001)

Effects of Straw Mulch on Vertical Water Movement and Evaporation of a Soil Column

ZHANG Jin-zhu1,2, WANG Zhen-hua1,2, Hudan Tumaerbai3   

  1. 1. College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;
    3. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2013-12-17 Revised:2014-06-17 Published:2015-09-15 Online:2015-10-14

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被引次数

6

摘要： 通过室内土柱蒸发实验,研究了2种秸秆覆盖位置(0 cm、土面以下20 cm)、4种秸秆覆盖量〔0 kg·hm-2(CK)、6 000 kg·hm-2、12 000 kg·hm-2、18 000 kg·hm-2〕和3种秸秆长度(1 cm、5 cm、10 cm)的秸秆覆盖对土壤水分蒸发的影响。结果表明:表层覆盖秸秆能明显抑制水分蒸发,秸秆量越大,日蒸发强度越小,不同秸秆覆盖量处理间累积蒸发量差异显著;秸秆长度对日蒸发强度影响不明显,秸秆覆盖量在18 000 kg·hm-2时,不同秸秆长度累积蒸发量差异显著。土面以下20 cm处秸秆覆盖处理的日蒸发强度在蒸发前期均高于表层覆盖和CK处理,蒸发后期小于表层覆盖和CK处理;秸秆长度为1 cm和10 cm时,不同秸秆覆盖量累积蒸发量差异显著,秸秆覆盖量12 000 kg·hm-2和18 000 kg·hm-2时,不同秸秆长度累积蒸发量差异显著。方差分析表明:秸秆覆盖量对表层覆盖累积蒸发量的贡献最大,秸秆长度对土面以下20 cm处覆盖累积蒸发量效果显著。

关键词: 土壤蒸发, 秸秆覆盖, 蒸发强度, 累积蒸发量, 石河子, 新疆

Abstract: To investigate the effects of straw mulch on soil water evaporation,indoor soil column evaporation experiments were carried out. The straw layer of two positions (soil surface and 20 cm below soil surface),4 application amount [0 (CK),6 000,12 000,and 18 000 kg·hm-2],and 3 straw lengths (1,5 and 10 cm) were evaluated for their effects on soil water evaporation. Results showed that surface application could significantly inhibit water evaporation. The more the straw was applied,the smaller the daily evaporation intensity was. There were significant differences in cumulative evaporation between treatments with different application amount. Straw length did not show a significant effect on daily evaporation intensity. There were significant differences in cumulative evaporation between treatments with different straw lengths when straw was applied at 18 000 kg·hm-2. The treatments with straw applied at 20 cm below soil surface had higher daily evaporation intensity than surface application treatments and CK at early stage of evaporation,but had lower than the above two treatments at later stage of evaporation. The cumulative evaporation was significantly different between treatments with different application amount when the straw length was 1 cm or 10 cm. And the cumulative evaporation was significantly different between treatments with different straw lengths when application amount was 12 000 or 18 000 kg·hm-2. Statistical analysis revealed that straw application amount exerted the greatest effect on cumulative evaporation when straw was surface applied,while straw length had a significant effect on cumulative evaporation when straw was applied at 20 cm below soil surface.

Key words: soil evaporation, straw mulch, evaporation intensity, cumulative evaporation, Shihezi, Xinjiang