内蒙古河套灌区紧邻排干沟土壤盐渍化与肥力特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.13

Abstract

Abstract:

Reasonable improvement of saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation area adjacent to drainage ditch irrigation area can effectively promote ecological restoration and sustainable agricultural development. We analyzed saline-alkali soil’s salinization and fertility characteristics adjacent to drainage ditch irrigation area in Urad Front Banner with descriptive statistical analysis and principal component analysis. The soil in the study area has heavy chloride saline, with Mg²⁺ being the key cation of soil salinization. The excessive content slows down the absorption rate and increase soil’s alkalization rate. Soil’s alkalinity in 0-40 cm depth ranged from 13.0%-28.6%. The alkalinity degree we observed was caused because calcium carbonate could not prevent the soil from absorbing sodium ions. On the other hand, Mg²⁺ in soil could not promote Na⁺ adsorption, and there was a function correlation between soil’s pH, alkalinity, and total alkalinity. The principal component analysis results showed that the soil salinity, Cl^-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, pH, total alkalinity, and alkalinity were the main factors of soil salinization. The soil in the study area was potassium-rich, whereas other fertility levels were low. The soil adjacent to the drainage ditch belongs to compound saline-alkali chloride soil and alkaline soil. Such soils are hard to cultivate because of particle dispersion, muddy, impermeable characteristics, and low fertility, requiring soil enrichment with fertility elements other than potassium. Our study contributes significantly for analyzing the saline-alkali soil in the Hetao irrigation area, allowing rational land use policy and ecological improvement measures to be taken and incentivizing regional sustainable development.

Key words: drainage ditch, salinization, salt ion, alkalization degree, principal component analysis, fertility, Inner Mongolia

ZHOU Liying,LI Ruiping,MIAO Qingfeng,DOU Xu,TIAN Feng,YU Dandan,SUN Chenyun. Characteristics of salinization and fertility of saline-alkali soil adjacent to drainage ditch in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 114-122.

Figures/Tables 10

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Correlation between salt ions in 0-40 cm soil layer"

离子指标	Cl^-/(g·kg^-1)	$S O 4 2 -$ /(g·kg^-1)	$HC O 3 -$ /(g·kg^-1)	Ca²⁺/(g·kg^-1)	Mg²⁺/(g·kg^-1)	Na⁺/(g·kg^-1)	K⁺/(g·kg^-1)	含盐量/(g·kg^-1)
Cl^-	1
SO₄^2-	0.887^**	1
HCO₃^-	-0.386^**	-0.270^*	1
Ca²⁺	0.912^**	0.832^**	-0.442^**	1
Mg²⁺	0.826^**	0.748^**	-0.294^*	0.708^**	1
Na⁺	0.769^**	0.737^**	-0.113	0.589^**	0.555^**	1
K⁺	0.784^**	0.716^**	-0.314^*	0.722^**	0.641^**	0.591^**	1
含盐量	0.985^**	0.918^**	-0.379^**	0.931^**	0.821^**	0.778^**	0.788^**	1

Tab. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 5

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土层/cm	颗粒组成			土壤质地	容重/(g·cm^-3)	田间持水率/(cm³·cm^-3)	饱和导水率/(10^-5cm·s^-1)
土层/cm	砂粒/%(d≥0.02 mm)	黏粒/%(0.002≤d<0.02)	粉粒/%(d<0.002)	土壤质地	容重/(g·cm^-3)	田间持水率/(cm³·cm^-3)	饱和导水率/(10^-5cm·s^-1)
0~10	26	14	60	粉壤土	1.51	24	3.798
10~20	21	18	61	粉壤土	1.51	24	3.866
20~40	32	22	46	壤土	1.49	25	4.012

土层/cm	指标	pH	阳离子交换量/(cmol·kg^-1)	交换性Na⁺/(cmol·kg^-1)	碱化度/%	总碱度/(cmol·kg^-1)
0~10	含量	8.09±0.31	12.23±5.33	2.01±0.91	20.3±7.3	0.41±0.30
0~10	变异系数/%	3	25	19	20	58
10~20	含量	8.32±0.46	12.15±6.65	2.11±1.11	21.3±7.3	0.66±0.54
10~20	变异系数/%	3	27	23	12	52
20~40	含量	8.30±0.30	11.55±5.35	1.95±0.75	22.0±5.0	0.56±0.22
20~40	变异系数/%	23	22	22	11	50

盐碱指标	因子载荷矩阵		成分得分系数矩阵
盐碱指标	F₁	F₂	F₁	F₂
Cl^-	0.875	0.306	0.155	0.166
SO₄^2-	0.684	0.380	0.121	0.207
HCO₃^-	-0.714	0.253	-0.127	0.137
Ca²⁺	0.754	0.050	0.134	0.027
Mg²⁺	0.724	0.262	0.128	0.142
Na⁺	0.516	0.530	0.091	0.288
K⁺	0.488	-0.062	0.087	-0.034
含盐量	0.906	0.403	0.161	0.219
pH	-0.788	0.509	-0.140	0.276
碱化度	-0.547	0.678	-0.097	0.368
总碱度	-0.747	0.550	-0.133	0.299

土层/cm	指标	全氮量/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾/（mg·kg^-1）	有机质/（g·kg^-1）
0~10	含量	0.58±0.33	19.64±7.07	5.08±2.78	207±80	6.99±5.51
0~10	变异系数/%	36	34	19	42	29
10~20	含量	0.55±0.29	17.96±6.93	4.64±3.16	208±77	6.47±4.33
10~20	变异系数/%	35	30	19	38	26
20~40	含量	0.48±0.35	17±7.49	4.27±2.36	182.50±81	6.27±3.95
20~40	变异系数/%	27	27	20	37	22

Characteristics of salinization and fertility of saline-alkali soil adjacent to drainage ditch in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia

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