灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比互作对膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.12.09

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the imbalance between the supply and demand of water resources and compensate for the shortage of freshwater resources, the use of brackish and saline water for irrigation has become crucial. Simultaneously, the effects of different sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) on cotton growth and yield can vary under the same degree of mineralization in irrigation water. Therefore, to further explore the effects of irrigation water mineralization and SAR on cotton, we established three mineralization treatments at 3 g·L^-1(T3), 5 g·L^-1(T5), and 7 g·L^-1(T7). Additionally, we designed three SAR treatments at 10 (mmol·L)^1/2(S10), 15 (mmol·L)^1/2(S15), and 20 (mmol·L)^1/2(S20). Local freshwater irrigation served as a control (CK). In total, 10 treatments were conducted in this experiment to examine the combined effects of irrigation water mineralization and SAR costress on soil salinity, cotton growth, plant ion accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency. The results indicated that soil salinity increased with higher irrigation water mineralization or SAR, initially rising before decreasing with increasing soil depth. Plant Na⁺ content increased with increasing irrigation water mineralization or SAR, with the interaction effect between these factors being highly significant. Conversely, plant K⁺, K⁺/Na⁺, and N content decreased as irrigation water mineralization or SAR increased. Additionally, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area index, and dry matter mass all showed a significant decreasing trend with increased irrigation water mineralization and SAR, with significant inhibition of dry matter accumulation observed. Irrigation water mineralization and SAR significantly affected the number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield, and water consumption (ET). Moreover, irrigation water SAR significantly affected water use efficiency (WUE). Compared to the CK treatment, yield and WUE increased by 3.27% and 1.09% in T3S10, 2.54% and 0.47% in T5S10, and 1.18% in T3S15, respectively. This increase indicated that moderately reducing the irrigation water SAR can help mitigate yield reduction in cotton due to increased mineralization. Different levels of mineralization and SAR in irrigation water increased the Na⁺ content in cotton plants while reduced K⁺ and N nutrient uptake, and increased the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. Consequently, cotton plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, and dry matter accumulation gradually decreased as irrigation water mineralization or SAR increased. The number of bolls per plant and boll weight increased in the T3S10, T3S15, and T5S10 treatments compared to the CK treatment. In conclusion, using brackish water with an irrigation water mineralization of 3 g·L^-1 and SAR below 15 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2, or an irrigation water mineralization of 5 g·L^-1 with SAR below 10 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2, can ensure cotton yield. These findings provide a theoretical basis and reference for the efficient use of brackish water in Xinjiang and other extreme arid regions.

Key words: cotton, irrigation water, mineralization, sodium adsorption ratio, dry matter accumulation, yield, water use efficiency

XIE Yucai, LIU Hao, ZHAO Fengnian, ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Xin, SHI Zhuo, WANG Xingpeng. Effects of irrigation water mineralization and sodium adsorption ratio on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton under film[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(12): 2071-2082.

Figures/Tables 11

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处理	SAR/（mmol·L^-1）^1/2	矿化度/（g·L^-1）	主要离子含量/（mg·L^-1）
处理	SAR/（mmol·L^-1）^1/2	矿化度/（g·L^-1）	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-
CK	8.74	1.44	103.60	42.07	419.09	6.45	648.10	87.54
T3S10	10.10	3.00	356.69	42.07	759.08	6.45	1616.02	87.54
T3S15	15.10	3.00	209.40	42.07	918.27	6.45	1604.10	87.54
T3S20	20.11	3.00	121.78	42.07	1013.00	6.45	1597.01	87.54
T5S10	10.11	5.00	789.42	42.07	1077.46	6.45	2864.91	87.54
T5S15	15.08	5.00	536.00	42.07	1350.00	6.45	2844.47	87.54
T5S20	20.11	5.00	368.69	42.07	1532.23	6.45	2830.87	87.54
T7S10	10.10	7.00	1269.42	42.07	1344.74	6.45	4117.63	87.54
T7S15	15.14	7.00	914.87	42.07	1727.97	6.45	4088.95	87.54
T7S20	20.11	7.00	671.24	42.07	1991.32	6.45	4069.24	87.54

灌水日期	灌水定额/mm	施肥量
灌水日期	灌水定额/mm	N/（kg·hm^-2）	P/（kg·hm^-2）	K/（kg·hm^-2）
6月15日	37.5	20.70	0.00	0.00
6月22日	36.48	13.80	9.00	4.80
6月29日	34.89	20.70	13.50	9.60
7月6日	38.49	34.50	22.50	9.60
7月13日	41.22	27.60	18.00	9.60
7月20日	43.95	27.60	13.50	24.00
7月27日	38.27	20.70	9.00	24.00
8月3日	42.45	13.80	9.00	19.20
8月10日	43.14	13.80	9.00	14.40
8月17日	37.37	13.80	9.00	4.80
8月24日	26.36	0.00	0.00	0.00
灌水总量和施肥量	420.12	207.00	112.50	120.00

处理	收获密度/（10⁴株·hm^-2）	单株铃数/个	单铃重/g	籽棉产量/（kg·hm^-2）	ET/mm	WUE/（kg·m^-3）
CK	19.73a	4.74cd	6.55a	6119.7a	415.62a	1.47ab
T3S10	19.31a	5.26a	6.61a	6319.6a	424.70a	1.49a
T3S15	19.44a	4.87bc	6.56a	6191.9a	421.60a	1.47ab
T3S20	19.48a	4.52de	6.15b	5305.8bcd	393.96b	1.35abc
T5S10	19.47a	5.14ab	6.59a	6274.9a	424.08a	1.48a
T5S15	19.80a	4.72cd	6.17b	5594.2b	397.58b	1.41abc
T5S20	20.06a	4.43e	5.85c	4928.2de	370.23c	1.33bc
T7S10	19.35a	4.69cde	6.08bc	5366.3bc	378.39c	1.42abc
T7S15	18.40a	4.63cde	6.06bc	5116.1cd	377.83c	1.35abc
T7S20	19.92a	4.09f	5.47d	4629.7e	358.57d	1.29c
T	ns	**	**	**	**	ns
S	ns	**	**	**	**	**
T×S	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	ns

Effects of irrigation water mineralization and sodium adsorption ratio on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton under film

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