河套灌区西部土壤盐渍化分异特征及其主控因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.25

Abstract

Abstract:

As a result of long-term irrigation from the Yellow River, the Hetao Irrigation Area has experienced extensive soil secondary salinization, which seriously affects the development of the regional economy and ecology. The degree, type, and distribution characteristics of soil salinization in the western Hetao Irrigation Area, and the main factors affecting soil salinization are investigated. Results show that more than 50% of the soil samples in the study area were salinized to varying degrees, which is distributed in patches and blocks. The degree of soil salinization in the north and southeast was serious than that of other parts of the study area, especially in the depressions along the Main canal and Huangji canal. The main types of soil salinity were SO₄-Na and SO₄·Cl-Na. The average total dissolved solids (TDS) of groundwater in the study area was 2.13 g∙L^-1, which is classified as brackish water. The average buried depth of groundwater level is 4.65 m, and 65% of the sampled wells were less than 3 m. High TDS groundwater, which is resulted from long-term flood irrigation and strong evaporation, is the direct cause of soil salinization. The main factors affecting soil salinization in alluvial plains include the elevated salinity of groundwater, shallow groundwater levels caused by agricultural irrigation, and strong evaporation of phreatic water.

Key words: soil salinization, groundwater level, salt content, formation mechanism, flood irrigation, Hetao Irrigation Area

SU Chunli,JI Qiannan,TAO Yanzhen,XIE Xianjun,PAN Hongjie. Differentiation characteristics and main influencing factors of soil salinization in the West of Hetao Irrigation Area[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 916-923.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Classification standard of soil salinization"

按盐分含量划分		按Cl^-/ $S O 4 2 -$ 划分
土壤含盐总量(干土重%)	土壤盐渍化程度	Cl^-/ $S O 4 2 -$	土壤盐渍化类型
<0.3	非盐渍土	<0.2	硫酸盐
0.3~0.5	弱盐渍土	0.2~1.0	氯化-硫酸盐
0.5~1.0	中盐渍土	1.0-2.0	硫酸-氯化盐
1.0~2.0	强盐渍土	>2	氯盐
>2.0	盐土

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Salt content and composition of in the study area"

变量	pH	表层土壤（0~20 cm）/%	Ca²⁺ /%	K⁺ /%	Mg²⁺ /%	Na⁺ /%	Cl^- /%	$S O 4 2 -$ /%	$C O 3 2 -$ /%	$H C O 3 -$ /%	SAR	SSP /%	SDR	Cl^-/ $S O 4 2 -$
最小值	6.61	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.11	0.20	17.55	0.21	0.12
最大值	10.67	4.27	6.27	0.74	1.84	4.66	8.65	9.27	0.44	0.42	22.87	99.44	176.5	2.20
平均值	8.82	0.53	0.52	0.16	0.26	1.11	1.49	1.91	0.05	0.22	3.13	56.28	11.86	0.72
标准差	0.69	0.84	1.34	0.24	0.48	1.16	2.31	2.33	0.10	0.07	5.66	24.61	37.40	0.41
变异系数	0.08	1.58	2.59	1.53	1.84	1.04	1.55	1.22	2.02	0.33	1.81	0.44	3.15	0.58
偏度	0.25	2.65	3.72	1.65	2.85	1.67	2.41	1.98	3.11	1.24	3.13	0.09	4.00	1.84
峰度	0.73	6.87	14.71	1.30	7.58	2.64	5.58	3.84	10.55	2.22	9.08	-0.99	16.48	5.52

Tab. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

References 26

[1]	Tefera B, Sterk G. Land management, erosion problems and soil and water conservation in Fincha’a watershed, western Ethiopia[J]. Land Use Policy, 2010, 27(4): 1027-1037. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.01.005
[2]	Shrivastava P, Kumar R. Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015, 22(2): 123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.001 pmid: 25737642
[3]	Wu J, Li P, Qian H, et al. Assessment of soil salinization based on a low-cost method and its influencing factors in a semi-arid agricultural area, Northwest China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(8): 3465-3475. doi: 10.1007/s12665-013-2736-x
[4]	Pitman M G, André Luchli. Global Impact of Salinity and Agricultural Ecosystems[M]. Salinity:Environment-Plants-Molecules, Springer Netherlands, 2004.
[5]	江贵荣, 刘延锋, 杨霄翼, 等. 干旱区剖面土壤盐分空间变异特征及随机模拟[J]. 地质科技情报, 2013, 32(2): 147-152.
	[ Jiang Guirong, Liu Yanfeng, Yang Xiaoyi, et al. Spatial variability and stochastic simulation of soil salinity in the vertical profiles[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2013, 32(2): 147-152. ]
[6]	王佳丽, 黄贤金, 钟太洋, 等. 盐碱地可持续利用研究综述[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(5): 673-684.
	[ Wang Jiali, Huang Xianjin, Zhong Taiyang, et al. Review on sustainable utilization of salt-affected land[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(5): 673-684. ]
[7]	Vinocur B, Altman A. Recent advances in engineering plant tolerance to abiotic stress: Achievements and limitations[J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2005, 16(2): 123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2005.02.001 pmid: 15831376
[8]	Wang Y, Li Y, Xiao D. Catchment scale spatial variability of soil salt content in agricultural oasis, Northwest China[J]. Environmental Geology, 2008, 56(2): 439-446. doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-1181-0
[9]	窦旭, 史海滨, 苗庆丰, 等. 盐渍化灌区土壤水盐时空变异特征分析及地下水埋深对盐分的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(3): 246-253.
	[ Dou Xu, Shi Haibin, Miao Qingfeng, et al. Temporal and spatial variability analysis of soil water and salt and the influence of groundwater depth on salt in saline irrigation area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 33(3): 246-253. ]
[10]	管孝艳, 王少丽, 高占义, 等. 盐渍化灌区土壤盐分的时空变异特征及其与地下水埋深的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(4): 1202-1210. doi: 10.5846/stxb201012281863
	[ Guan Xiaoyan, Wang Shaoli, Gao Zhanyi, et al. Spatio-temporal variabilily of soil salinily and its relationship with the depth lo groundwater in salinization irrigation district[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(4): 1202-1210. ] doi: 10.5846/stxb201012281863
[11]	周在明, 赵淑惠. 华北半干旱平原区表层土壤盐分累积的影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(5): 976-984.
	[ Zhou Zaiming, Zhao Shuhui, Influencing factors on surface soil salt accumulation in the semi-arid North China Plain[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(5): 976-984. ]
[12]	Liu H, Chen W, Dong X, et al. Sustainable agricultural paradigm of mountain-oasis-ecotone-desert system in inland Manasi River Basin, Xinjiang Province, northwest China[C]//International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture. Springer, Boston, MA, 2008: 197-207.
[13]	Fan X, Pedroli B, Liu G, et al. Soil salinity development in the Yellow River Delta in relation to groundwater dynamics[J]. Land Degradation & Development, 2012, 23(2): 175-189. doi: 10.1002/ldr.1071
[14]	杜军, 杨培岭, 李云开, 等. 河套灌区年内地下水埋深与矿化度的时空变化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(7): 26-31.
	[ Du Jun, Yang Peiling, Li Yunkai, et al. Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of groundwater level and its salinity in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2010, 26(7): 26-31. ]
[15]	Yu R, Liu T, Xu Y, et al. Analysis of salinization dynamics by remote sensing in Hetao Irrigation District of North China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 97(12): 1952-1960. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.03.009
[16]	景宇鹏, 段玉, 妥德宝, 等. 河套平原弃耕地土壤盐碱化特征[J]. 土壤学报, 2016, 53(6): 1410-1420.
	[ Jing Yupeng, Duan Yu, Tuo Debao, et al. Characteristics of salinization of deserted farmland in Hetao[J]. PlainActa Pedologica Sinica, 2016, 53(6): 1410-1420. ]
[17]	周利颖, 李瑞平, 苗庆丰, 等. 内蒙古河套灌区紧邻排干沟土壤盐渍化与肥力特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 114-122.
	[ Zhou Liying, Li Ruiping, Miao Qingfeng, et al. Characteristics of salinization and fertility of saline-alkali soil adjacent to drainage ditch in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 114-122. ]
[18]	Wang J, Liu Y, Wang S, et al. Spatial distribution of soil salinity and potential implications for soil management in the Manas River watershed, China[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2020, 36(1): 93-103. doi: 10.1111/sum.12539
[19]	刘梅, 于东洋, 刘宇杰, 等. 杭锦后旗盐碱地现状及改良措施[J]. 内蒙古农业科技, 2017, 45(3): 58-61.
	[ Liu Mei, Yu Dongyang, Liu Yujie, et al. Saline alkali soil status and improvement measures of Hanggin Rear Banner[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2017, 45(3): 58-61. ]
[20]	崔亚莉, 邵景力, 韩双平. 西北地区地下水的地质生态环境调节作用研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2001, 8(1): 192-197.
	[ Cui Yali, Shao Jingli, Han Shuangping. Ecological environment adjustment by groundwater in Northwest China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2001, 8(1): 192-197. ]
[21]	Tarchouna L G, Merdy P, Raynaud M, et al. Effects of long-term irrigation with treated wastewater. Part I: Evolution of soil physico-chemical properties[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2010, 25(11): 1703-1710. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.08.018
[22]	王葆芳, 杨晓晖, 江泽平. 引黄灌区水资源利用与土壤盐渍化防治[J]. 干旱区研究, 2004, 21(2): 139-143.
	[ Wang Baofang, Yang Xiaohui, Jiang Zeping. Utilization of water resources and soil salinization control in the Dengkou Irrigated Area Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2004, 21(2): 139-143. ]
[23]	史海滨, 杨树青, 李瑞平, 等. 内蒙古河套灌区水盐运动与盐渍化防治研究展望[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2020, 39(8): 1-17.
	[ Shi Haibin, Yang Shuqing, Li Ruiping, et al. Soil water and salt movement and soil salinization control in Hetao Irrigation District: Current state and future prospect[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2020, 39(8): 1-17. ]
[24]	刘君, 郭华良, 刘福亮, 等. 包头地区大气降水δD和δ¹⁸O变化特征浅析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(5): 157-162.
	[ Liu Jun, Guo Hualiang, Liu Fuliang, et al. The variations of stable isotopes (δD and δ¹⁸O) in the precipitation in Baotou area[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2013, 27(5): 157-162. ]
[25]	曾邯斌, 苏春利, 谢先军, 等. 河套灌区西部浅层地下水咸化机制[J]. 地球科学, 2021, 46(6): 2267-2277.
	[ Zeng Hanbin, Su Chunli, Xie Xianjun, et al. Mechanism of salinization of shallow groundwater in western Hetao Irrigation Area[J]. Earth Science, 2021, 46(6): 2267-2277. ]
[26]	马贵仁, 屈忠义, 王丽萍, 等. 基于ArcGIS空间插值的河套灌区土壤水盐运移规律与地下水动态研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021, 35(4): 208-215.
	[ Ma Guiren, Qu Zhongyi, Wang Liping, et al. Research on soil water and salt movement and groundwater dynamics in Hetao Irrigation District based on ArcGIS spatial interpolation[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 35(4): 208-215. ]

项目	样本数	极小值	极大值	均值	标准差	变异系数
pH	130	6.61	10.67	8.82	0.68	0.077
EC/(mS·cm^-1)	130	0.04	9.88	1.19	1.93	1.622
全盐量/%	130	0.02	4.27	0.51	0.84	1.623

Differentiation characteristics and main influencing factors of soil salinization in the West of Hetao Irrigation Area

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 26

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	LI Xiaoyu, JIA Keli, WEI Huimin, CHEN Ruihua, WANG Yijing. Prediction of soil salt content based on the random forest algorithm [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1258-1267.
[2]	XIAO Sentian, Ilyas NURMEMET, Nuerbiye MUHETAER, Zhao Jing, Adilai ABULAITI. Spatial and temporal analysis of soil salinity in Yutian Oasis by combined optical and radar multi-source remote sensing [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 59-68.
[3]	BAI Jianduo,PENG Jie,SHI Zhou,WANG Yuzhen,LIU Weiyang,LI Hongyi. Precise management zoning in arid soil croplands based on multi-source data [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 646-655.
[4]	TIAN Hua,XIN Tuo,LI Jinfang,YANG Jiayi,XIE Zufeng. Characteristics and indication of hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes of different water sources in the Ulungur River basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1497-1505.
[5]	ZHOU Linhu,WANG Haoyu,ZHANG Binglai,QI Zhaoxin,CAO Rongtai,FAN Yanbin,SUN Shenhai,LIU Yuping. The relationship between EC_a of sulfate saline soil and moisture content, salt content, and particle size [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1020-1030.
[6]	WANG Jingjing,LIU Hu,XU Zongxue,WANG Sijia. Estimation of groundwater evapotranspiration with measured diurnal groundwater variations: A case study of typical oasis in Hexi Corridor [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 59-67.
[7]	SUN Hai-tao, CHEN Ya-peng, CHEN Ya-ning, ZHANG Ying, HE Zhen-lei. Groundwater Evapotranspiration in Desert Riparian Forest in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 116-125.
[8]	YANG Si-cun, CHE Zong-xian, WANG Cheng-bao, HUO Lin , JIANG Wan-li. Soil Salinization and Its Causes in the Irrigated Areas along the Yellow River in Gansu Province [J]. , 2014, 31(1): 57-64.
[9]	CHEN Chun-Xiu, TIAN Chang-Yan. Relationship between Osmotic Potential and Total Salt Content in Saline or Alkaline Soil in Xinjiang [J]. , 2013, 30(6): 998-1003.
[10]	CHEN Dong-Qiang, WANG Rang-Hui. Total Soil Salinity in Artificial Forest in the Junggar Basin Based on Hyperspectrum [J]. , 2013, 30(3): 444-448.
[11]	JI Li-Li-?A-Bu-Du-Wai-Li, A Yi-Gu-Li-?Mai-Mai-Ti, TANG Yang. Soil Salinization in the Manas River Basin in Spring [J]. , 2013, 30(2): 189-195.
[12]	MA Yu-E, QIAN Yi-Bing, DUAN Shi-Min, CHANG Yi-Shen, LI Yang-Qi. Study on Vegetation Distribution and Species Diversity in the Ebinur Lake Basin [J]. , 2012, 29(5): 776-783.
[13]	LU Yan-Ling, YE Chao-Xia. Response of Groundwater Level to the Ecological Water Conveyance in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River [J]. , 2012, 29(4): 574-578.
[14]	BAI Gang-Shuan, ZHANG Rui, GENG Gui-Jun, DU She-Ni, YU Jian. Effects of Super Absorbent Polymer on Soil Moisture Content and Spring Wheat Growth in the Hetao Irrigated Area [J]. , 2012, 29(3): 393-399.
[15]	LIU Hu-Jun, LIU Shi-Zeng, LI Yi, YANG Zi-Hui, LI Yin-Ke, ZHANG Ying-Hua, GUO Chun-Xiu, LIU Shu-Juan. Response of Riparian Vegetation to the Change of Groundwater Level at Middle and Lower Reaches of the Shiyang River [J]. , 2012, 29(2): 335-341.