祁连圆柏群落特征沿年降水量梯度的变化格局

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.21

Abstract

Abstract:

Precipitation is the most important factor restricting the structure and species diversity of plant communities in arid and semiarid areas. In recent years, the variation patterns of community species diversity along environmental gradients have become one of the research hotspots in ecology. However, many controversies about the response of plant community characteristics to changes in natural precipitation remain unresolved. In the arid area of Qinghai province, one of the dominant tree species is Juniperus przewalskii, which plays a key role in water and soil conservation, water holding, and ecological balance. Studying the changes in age structure, community composition, and species diversity of J. przewalskii population along the annual precipitation gradient is important for the conservation of natural plant communities in arid areas. This study was conducted to understand the response of the community characteristics of J. przewalskii and the age structure of its population to annual precipitation gradient. The natural community of J. przewalskii in Qinghai province was taken as the research object, and a community sample plot was laid out along the annual precipitation gradient. The community characteristics of this species were also investigated. Results showed that (1) annual precipitation increased gradually from northwest to southeast in this area. As annual precipitation increased, the importance of dominant species in the shrub and herb layers of J. przewalskii communities changed significantly (P<0.05). (2) When the annual precipitation was between 169 and 377 mm, the population decreased. Conversely, the population remained stable at annual precipitation of 470 mm, but it increased at annual precipitation of 530 mm. (3) The α diversity index of understory plants was significantly different under various annual precipitation levels (P<0.05). As annual precipitation increased, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and species richness of shrub and herb layers increased gradually and reached the maximum values when the annual precipitation was 530 mm. (4) As annual precipitation increased, the β diversity index of the shrub layer fluctuated. Cody and Sorensen indices peaked and reached a trough value when the annual precipitation levels were 470-530 and 281-377 mm, respectively. The β diversity index of the herb layer increased first and then decreased. The Cody and Sorensen indices peaked and reached the trough value when the annual precipitation ranged from 377 mm to 470 mm. The maximum β diversity and the fastest rate of species replacement were observed in this gradient. Annual precipitation significantly affected the age structure and community characteristics of J. przewalskii population. In a forest area with annual precipitation of less than 377 mm, the following measures should be implemented to promote the health and stability of communities: the microtopography of the forest should be transformed, surface roughness should be increased, natural precipitation should be collected, and management and protection should be strengthened to prevent injury to cattle and sheep and thus facilitate natural regeneration.

Key words: annual precipitation gradient, Juniperus przewalskii, community characteristics, species diversity, Qinghai

WANG Tongben,ZHU Qin,HOU Xiaowei,HAO Jiatian,LI Zhihua,HOU Lin. Community characteristics of Juniperus przewalskii along annual precipitation gradients[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1695-1703.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 29

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样点	样地数	经纬度	海拔/m	坡度/（°）	坡向	林分密度/(株·hm^-2)	龄组	胸径/cm	树高/m	林冠郁闭度
DLH	19	37°29′11″~37°29′25″N 97°19′40″~97°20′50″E	3641±13ab	30.50±1.46a	阳坡	523.75±19.15a	中龄林	33.4±1.6a	6.1±0.3bc	0.37±0.02c
DL	18	37°01′10″~37°02′34″N 98°39′45″~98°39′56″E	3744±45a	29.93±1.44a	阳坡	541.67±28.31a	中龄林	33.6±1.8a	5.5±0.4c	0.41±0.04c
XH	20	35°59′28″~36°16′40″N 98°06′30″~98°20′10″E	3157±143c	30.00±2.12a	阳坡	616.67±39.09a	中龄林	32.7±1.8a	10.1±0.5a	0.43±0.03bc
HZ	17	35°01′29″~35°04′20″N 100°07′23″~100°09′36″E	3529±74b	31.48±1.72a	阳坡	622.06±33.62a	中龄林	18.7±1.2b	7.2±0.2b	0.48±0.02b
ZK	18	35°11′52″~35°18′35″N 101°52′06″~101°57′41″E	3601±52ab	32.97±0.78a	阳坡	628.13±41,32a	中龄林	17.6±1.8b	6.4±0.8bc	0.56±0.03a

层次	种名	年降水量/mm
层次	种名	169	281	377	470	530
乔木层	祁连圆柏（Juniperus przewalskii）	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00
灌木层	金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）	61.02±1.64a	22.29±1.02b	39.41±2.21ab	32.12±1.89b	22.39±3.71b
	银露梅（Potentilla glabra）	18.29±1.83b	0.00±0.00	15.48±1.31b	41.79±1.63a	23.2±1.81b
	鲜黄小檗（Berberis diaphana）	16.14±1.39b	58.37±3.79a	4.01±0.38d	9.03±0.86c	7.27±2.67cd
	长刺茶藨子（Ribes alpestre）	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	20.00±1.34	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
	高山柳（Salix cupularis）	1.03±0.69c	16.67±1.57a	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	3.48±0.26b
	拟小檗（Berberis parapruinosa）	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	17.98±2.27
草本层	披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）	31.34±2.14a	30.39±1.36a	25.73±1.18a	27.64±3.04a	11.85±1.43a
	珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparum）	11.44±2.82ab	20.13±2.22a	23.21±2.47a	6.16±1.64b	7.19±2.42b
	披碱草（Elymus dahuricus）	1.94±0.24b	0.75±0.13b	0.54±0.12b	0.00±0.00	15.1±0.87a
	乳白香青（Anaphalis lactea）	5.43±1.50b	10.65±0.78a	1.84±1.16bc	0.00±0.00	1.18±0.33c

植被层	自变量	平方和	自由度DF	均方MS	F	P
灌木层	H'	2.059	4	0.515	4.995	0.006^**
	D	0.233	4	0.058	3.363	0.031^*
	J_sw	0.265	4	0.066	4.06	0.015^*
	S	39.875	4	9.969	6.093	0.002^**
	Cody	6.091	3	2.03	4.568	0.015^*
	Sorensen	0.034	3	0.011	0.484	0.697
草本层	H'	1.163	4	0.291	5.378	0.002^**
	D	0.043	4	0.011	3.614	0.015^*
	J_sw	0.022	4	0.005	3.039	0.031^*
	S	163.805	4	40.951	2.727	0.046^*
	Cody	275.201	3	91.734	36.362	0.000^**
	Sorensen	0.335	3	0.112	18.283	0.000^**

Community characteristics of Juniperus przewalskii along annual precipitation gradients

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