青海大通北川河源区典型植被土壤微生物群落结构特征及影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.07.11

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate changes characteristics of soil microbial communities under typical vegetation in plateau forest ecosystems; a case study was undertaken the Beichuan River source area National Nature Reserve of Datong, Qinghai. This study analyzed 0-20 cm soil samples from six different vegetation species (Betula platyphylla, Populus cathayana, Picea crassifolia, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii, Dasiphora fruticosa, and alpine meadow). The composition and diversity of soil microbial communities were determined using Illumina NovaSeq sequencing, and soil physicochemical properties were measured via chemical analyses. The study investigated the correlation between soil microbial communities and soil physical and chemical properties as well as identified factors driving the changes in soil microbial communities. The results revealed the presence of 39 phyla, 785 genera, and 1651 species of bacteria and 17 phyla, 439 genera, and 559 species of fungi in the six vegetation samples. The total number of common microorganisms was lower than the specific one. The six vegetation soils were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota as well as by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota fungal phyla. The bacterial communities of the six vegetation species exhibited significant differences in alpha diversity, with the highest diversity observed in the Populus cathayana Rehder bacterial community. Conversely, the fungal communities showed similarities, with the Betula platyphylla fungal community exhibiting the highest alpha diversity. The correlation between soil microbial communities and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed. At the bacterial phylum level, a significant negative correlation was found between soil pH and Desulfobacterota (P<0.05). Additionally, soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were found to be highly significantly positively correlated with Ascomycota (P<0.01). At the fungal phylum level, a significant negative correlation was observed between soil pH and Entorrhizomycota (P<0.05). Soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were highly significantly positively correlated with Zoopagomycota (P<0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with Glomeromycota (P<0.05). Soil pH is a key environmental factor that affects the changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities.

Key words: microbial community, microbial diversity, vegetation type, Qinghai alpine region

CUI Guolong, LI Qiangfeng, GAO Ying, LIU Weijun, ZHANG Mei. Characteristics of soil microbial communities structure and influencing factors in typical vegetation in the Beichuan River Source Area of Datong, Qinghai[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(7): 1195-1206.

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植被类型	海拔/m	坡度/（°）	平均株高/m	平均胸径/cm	优势植物种类
白桦（BH）	2963.31±24.38	28.33±1.70	15.64±0.56	11.23±0.33	白桦（Betula platyphylla）、山生柳（Salix oritrepha）、鬼箭锦鸡儿（Caragana jubata）、高山杜鹃（Rhododendron lapponicum）、唐松草（Thalictrum aquilegiifolium var. sibiricum）等
青杨（QY）	2858.80±32.63	18.5±2.50	25.33±0.32	13.41±0.21	青杨（Populus cathayana）、直穗小檗（Berberis dasystachya）、银露梅（Dasiphora glabra）、唐古特忍冬（Lonicera tangutica）等
青海云杉（YS）	2990.91±32.28	19.33±4.11	28.45±0.42	18.20±0.18	青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）、扁刺峨眉蔷薇（Rosa omeiensis f. pteracantha）、高山绣线菊（Spiraea alpina）、问荆（Equisetum arvense）、等
华北落叶松（LYS）	2875.72±57.46	16.50±1.50	29.51±0.59	19.23±0.26	华北落叶松（Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii）、微孔草（Microula sikkimensis）、莛子藨（Triosteum pinnatifidum）、甘肃马先蒿（Pedicularis kansuensis）等
金露梅（JLM）	3137.91±42.09	18.33±1.50	-	-	金露梅（Dasiphora fruticosa）、覆盆子（Rubus idaeus）、葛缕子（Carum carvi）、白缘蒲公英（Taraxacum platypecidum）等
草地（GM）	3016.64±59.77	9.50±2.5	-	-	嵩草（Carex myosuroides）、高原毛茛（Ranunculus tanguticus）、刺芒龙胆（Gentiana aristata）等

理化性质	白桦	青杨	青海云杉	华北落叶松	金露梅	草地
pH	6.60±0.14a	6.65±0.14a	6.28±0.34bc	6.49±0.09a	6.23±0.11c	6.33±0.21bc
有机质/(g·kg^-1)	195.69±16.83a	82.50±67.57c	147.05±49.44ab	122.32±27.55bc	131.47±37.96bc	103.40±64.86bc
全氮/(g·kg^-1)	8.08±0.65a	5.34±2.51b	6.68±1.9ab	6.97±0.77ab	6.10±0.62b	5.47±1.72b
全磷/(g·kg^-1)	0.71±0.03c	0.89±0.16ab	0.83±0.05b	0.99±0.06a	0.96±0.10a	0.93±0.12a
全钾/(g·kg^-1)	17.24±0.48c	19.87±0.51a	18.43±0.80b	18.18±0.51b	18.81±0.61b	16.92±0.62c
有效磷/(mg·kg^-1)	7.54±1.32a	5.53±2.54b	5.91±1.75b	7.55±1.49a	5.24±0.92b	6.55±1.08b
速效钾/(g·kg^-1)	0.16±0.05b	0.29±0.14a	0.16±0.02b	0.28±0.14a	0.18±0.03b	0.17±0.04b
碱解氮/(g·kg^-1)	0.54±0.08ab	0.34±0.17c	0.62±0.10a	0.51±0.04ab	0.49±0.05b	0.45±0.19bc
铵态氮/(mg·kg^-1)	15.3±6.24a	1.70±0.44c	9.15±10.02b	1.55±0.29c	1.95±1.64c	2.40±1.42c
硝态氮/(mg·kg^-1)	15.74±4.11a	20.31±15.44a	16.31±4.52a	20.19±3.55a	15.59±3.71a	20.06±9.34a

微生物	植被	Chao1指数	ACE指数	Shannon指数	Good’s coverage指数
细菌	白桦	1541.05±119.17a	1526.95±121.83a	9.77±0.09a	0.9990±0.00a
	青杨	1551.55±211.37a	1538.86±207.01a	9.82±0.14a	0.9991±0.00a
	青海云杉	1491.01±180.39a	1482.12±183.8a	9.72±0.22a	0.9991±0.00a
	华北落叶松	1520.75±161.6a	1510.24±164.89a	9.77±0.15a	0.9991±0.00a
	金露梅	1419.07±260.27a	1411.12±258.09a	9.68±0.26a	0.9991±0.00a
	草地	1403.32±99.28a	1393.27±100.85a	9.68±0.08a	0.9991±0.00a
真菌	白桦	289.17±84.14a	289.74±84.54a	5.38±0.74a	0.9998±.0.00b
	青杨	207.06±56.95a	206.43±55.76a	4.48±0.81a	0.9999±0.00ab
	青海云杉	269.61±97.76a	268.89±97.79a	4.86±1.6a	0.9999±0.00ab
	华北落叶松	283.22±33.87a	282.77±33.95a	5.11±0.93a	0.9999±0.00a
	金露梅	264.1±75.26a	263.2±73.93a	4.69±1.44a	0.9999±0.00a
	草地	269.34±99.48a	269.44±99.08a	5.08±1.35a	0.9999±0.00a

Characteristics of soil microbial communities structure and influencing factors in typical vegetation in the Beichuan River Source Area of Datong, Qinghai

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