基于活力-组织力-恢复力的黑河源区高寒湿地景观生态健康评估

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.13

Abstract

Abstract:

The Heihe River source area National Wetland Park, representing a typical alpine wetland, is key for measuring the current and future development of such ecosystems. This study uses land use data to introduce the landscape ecology vulnerability index and establish a comprehensive assessment system of the alpine wetland ecological health based on four aspects: ecosystem vitality, organization, resilience, and ecosystem service value. It quantitatively assesses the spatiotemporal change characteristics of ecological health in the Heihe River source area from 2014 to 2021. The findings reveal that (1) grassland in the Heihe River source area is the main land use type, with high, medium, and low coverage grasslands distributed in a mosaic pattern. The second type is unused land, mainly distributed on both banks of the river and in the northwest; (2) the Heihe River source area consists of both low- and low-vulnerability areas, resulting in an overall low landscape ecology vulnerability; and (3) the Heihe River source area is predominantly rated as healthy and moderately healthy, indicating a relatively high overall ecological environment health level. Throughout 2014 to 2021, the ecosystem of the Heihe River source area was relatively healthy. In the future, the Heihe River source area should prioritize ecological functions, balancing animal husbandry production and ensure the ecosystem’s healthy progression toward achieving “ecological harmony.”

Key words: alpine wetland, landscape index, ecological health, land use, VOR model, the Heihe River source area

SUN Weijie, QIAO Bin, YU Hongyan, ZHAO Tong, CHEN Qi. Ecological health assessment of the alpine wetland landscape in the Heihe River source area based on vigor, organization, and resilience[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(2): 301-313.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

The formula and significance of landscape ecological index"

景观格局指数	公式	参数意义
景观适应度( $L A I$ )	$L A I = P R D × S H E I × S H D I$ $P R D = 106 × m A$ $S H D I = - ∑ i = 1 k P i × l n (P i)$ $S H E I = - 1 l n m × ∑ i = 1 m (P i × l n P i)$	$P R D$ 表示斑块丰富度指数； $S H D I$ 表示香农多样性指数； $S H E I$ 表示香农均匀度指数。 $P i$ 表示斑块类型 $i$ 占面积比； $m$ 表示景观中斑块类型的总数；k表示景观斑块的个数
景观干扰度( $U i$ )	$U i = a C i + b F i + c D$ $C i = N i A i$ $F i = A 2 A i N i A i$ $D = 2 l n (P / 4) l n (A)$	$C i$ 表示景观破碎度指数； $F i$ 表示景观分维度指数； $D$ 表示景观分离度指数。 $A i$ 表示土地利用类型 $i$ 的面积； $N i$ 表示土地利用类型 $i$ 的斑块个数； $P$ 表示斑块周长； $A$ 表示斑块面积。a、b、c表示相应景观指数的权重，a+b+c=1
景观易损度( $V i$ )	专家咨询法并归一化获得	表示不同生态系统的易损性，生态系统的脆弱性与其在景观自然演替过程中所处的阶段有关。通常，未利用地取值为7，林地、草地取值为5，建设用地、水域取值为1
景观敏感度( $L S I$ )	$L S I = ∑ i = 1 n A k i A k U i × V i$	$n$ 为景观类型数量； $i$ 为某一景观类型； $A k i$ 表示第 $k$ 个小区域内第 $i$ 类景观类型在网格内所占面积； $A k$ 为第 $k$ 个小区域的面积
景观格局脆弱性( $L S V$ )	$L S V = L S I × (1 - L A I)$	$L S I$ 表示景观敏感度指数； $L A I$ 表示景观适应度指数
景观功能脆弱性( $L F V$ )	$L F V = ∑ i m A i A × E S V i$	$A i$ 表示第 $i$ 类景观类型在网格内所占面积； $m$ 表示景观类型数量； $A$ 表示网格面积； $E S V i$ 表示第 $i$ 类景观类型生态系统服务
景观生态脆弱性( $L E V$ )	$L E V = L S V × L F V$	$L S V$ 表示景观格局脆弱性； $L F V$ 表示景观功能脆弱性

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Evaluation index system of ecosystem health in the Heihe River source area"

目标层	准则层	指标层	指标计算方法	参数意义	指标类型
黑河源区生态系统健康评价	活力	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	$N D V I = N I R - R E D N I R + R E D$	$N I R$ 为近红外波段； $R E D$ 为红外波段	积极
	组织力	植被覆盖度（FVC）	$F V C = N D V I - N D V I s o i l N D V I v e g - N D V I s o i l$	$N D V I s o i l$ 为完全裸土或无植被覆盖像元的 $N D V I$ 值； $N D V I v e g$ 为完全被植被覆盖像元的 $N D V I$ 值	积极
		景观生态脆弱性（LEV）	根据表1进行计算	-	消极
		平均斑块面积（MPS）	$M P S = A N × 106$	$A$ 为斑块总面积； $N$ 为斑块总数	积极
	恢复力	海拔（DEM）	-	-	消极
	恢复力	生态系统弹性度（E）	$E = ∑ i = 1 n (P i R i)$	$P i$ 为景观类型 $i$ 所占面积比； $R i$ 为景观 $i$ 的生态弹性度分值；n为景观类型数量	积极
	生态系统服务价值	生态系统服务价值（EVS）	利用价值当量法计算不同土地类型单位面积的生态系统服务价值	-	积极

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 4

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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健康等级	健康水平	生态功能
一级（≥0.13）	很健康	完好
二级[0.10~0.13）	健康	健康
三级[0.07~0.10）	中等健康	亚健康
四级[0.04~0.07）	不健康	轻度病态
五级（<0.04）	恶化	病态

	黑河源区	恢复重建区	生态保育区	合理利用区	管理服务区
2014年	0.16	0.17	0.15	0.19	0.20
2021年	0.19	0.24	0.18	0.25	0.29

Ecological health assessment of the alpine wetland landscape in the Heihe River source area based on vigor, organization, and resilience

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