民勤青土湖区不同年限退耕地对土壤水分与物种多样性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.27

Abstract

Abstract:

Using the spatial instead of temporal method, we investigated the characteristics of soil moisture change and vegetation succession characteristics across different years of abandoned land (returned fields 1 a, 2 a, 4 a, 8 a, 13 a, 20 a, 30 a, 40 a, and CK) in the Qingtu Lake area of Minqin. As the period of abandoned land increased, the soil water content first decreased, then increased and gradually stabilized. Additionally, as the period of abandoned land increased, the number of individuals, number of groups and Margalef richness index tended to decline; the Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index increased first, then decreased and gradually stabilized, whereas the Simpson dominance index only minorly changed before stabilizing. Moreover, as the period of returning farmland increased, the plant community followed a succession process: Kochia scoparia→Halogeton arachnoideus→Setaria viridis→Peganum nigellastrum→Suaeda microphylla→Lycium ruthenicum→Reaumuria soongarica→Kalidium foliatum. Overall, the Simpson dominance index and soil water content in the 0-20 cm soil layer showed a highly significant negative correlation, whereas the Shannon diversity index and soil water content in the 0-20 cm soil layer showed a highly significant positive correlation; however, there was no significant correlation with soil water content in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between group number, Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index, and soil water content. As such, natural vegetation succession in arid areas depends on the soil water content in the 0-20 cm soil layer.

Key words: Qingtu Lake, abandoned land, natural succession of vegetation, soil moisture content, correlation

WANG Jia,TIAN Qing,WANG Lide,HE Hongsheng,SONG Dacheng,GUO Chunxiu. Effects of different years of returning farmland on soil moisture and species diversity in Minqin Qingtu Lake area[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 605-614.

Figures/Tables 6

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Species composition and importance values of vegetation communities in different years of fallowing"

物种		科	属		退耕时间/a
物种		科	属		1	2	4	8	13	20	30	40
灰绿藜（Chenopodium glaucum）	藜科			藜属	3.57	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
茴香（Foeniculum vulgare）	伞形科			茴香属	2.77	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
蒿（Artemisia selengensis）	菊科			蒿属	3.87	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
山苦荬（Ixeris chinensis）	菊科			苦荬菜属	4.00	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
稗子草（Echinochloa crus-galli）	禾本科			稗属	22.00	10.73	0	0	0	0	0	0
砂引草（Tournefortia sibirica）	紫草科			紫丹属	0.60	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
盐生草（Halogeton glomeratus）	藜科			盐生草属	9.46	7.72	0	0	0	0	0	0
藜（Chenopodium album）	藜科			地肤属	8.05	7.60	0	0.38	0	0	0	0
中亚滨藜（Atriplex centralasiatica）	藜科			滨藜属	10.23	11.02	8.51	3.31	0	4.19	0	0
田旋花（Convolvulus arvensis）	旋花科			旋花属	5.38	4.44	2.47	0	2.97	0	0	0
地肤（Kochia scoparia）	藜科			地肤属	9.86	6.33	4.31	1.33	0	0	0	0
赖草（Leymus secalinus）	禾本科			赖草属	2.19	3.27	4.77	0	10.29	0	0	0
狗尾草（Setaria viridis）	禾本科			狗尾草属	2.27	0.41	0	0	0	0	0	0
碱蓬（Suaeda glauca）	藜科			碱蓬属	2.40	4.10	1.21	1.03	0	0	0	0
虎尾草（Chloris virgata）	禾本科			虎尾草属	3.96	4.26	0	0	5.17	5.44	0	0
细叶骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）	蒺藜科			骆驼蓬属	1.62	3.18	5.15	6.00	8.74	0	0	0
柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）	柽柳科			柽柳属	2.32	3.81	4.36	4.13	0	0	0	0
白茎盐生草（Halogeton arachnoideus）	藜科			盐生草属	3.51	5.46	0	6.23	7.39	7.46	3.47	3.84
球果群心菜（Lepidium chalepense）	十字花科			群心菜属	0	2.53	0	0	0	0	0	0
甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）	豆科			甘草属	0	1.15	0	0	0	0	0	0
平卧碱蓬（Suaeda prostrata）	藜科			碱蓬属	0	2.94	0	0	0	0	0	0
鹅绒藤（Cynanchum chinense）	萝藦科			鹅绒藤属	0	1.84	0	0	0	0	0	0
小果白刺（Nitraria sibirica）	蒺藜科			白刺属	0	8.91	9.05	7.51	0	0	0	0
沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia）	胡颓子科			胡颓子属	0	0	10.02	0	0	0	0	0
独行菜（Lepidium apetalum）	十字花科			独行菜属	0	0	0	0.09	0	0	0	0
枸杞（Lycium chinense）	茄科			枸杞属	0	10.31	0	10.00	11.56	0	0	0
芦苇（Phragmites australis）	禾本科			芦苇属	0	0	4.95	1.28	0	0	0	0
星花碱蓬（Suaeda stellatiflora）	藜科			碱蓬属	0	0	0	0	0	1.04	0	0
地锦（Parthenocissus tricuspidata）	葡萄科			地锦属	0	0	0	1.03	1.22	2.02	0	0
黄花补血草（Limonium aureum）	白花丹科			补血草属	0	0	8.99	0	6.81	4.26	0	0
芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）	禾本科			芨芨草属	0	0	10.00	0	0	0	0	0
白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）	蒺藜科			白刺属	0	0	11.53	8.14	0	0	0	8.50
画眉草（Eragrostis pilosa ）	禾本科			画眉草属	0	0	0	0	0.10	1.31	0	0.88
小叶碱蓬（Suaeda microphylla）	藜科			碱蓬属	0	0	0	0	7.88	8.72	0	0
骆驼蒿（Peganum nigellastrum）	蒺藜科			骆驼蓬属	0	0	14.68	4.31	10.45	9.74	11.61	10.07
蒙古猪毛菜（Salsola ikonnikovii）	藜科			猪毛菜属	0	0	0	0	4.71	0	0	0
红砂（Reaumuria soongarica）	柽柳科			红砂属	0	0	0	9.97	0	13.80	6.24	8.21
骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）	蒺藜科			骆驼蓬属	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.91
黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）	茄科			枸杞属	0	0	0	18.24	22.71	23.19	25.82	29.84
盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）	藜科			盐爪爪属	1.96	0	0	17.03	0	18.40	52.86	36.01
五星蒿（Echinopilon divaricatum）	藜科			雾冰藜属	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.74
黄花矶松（Limonium aureum）	兰雪科			补血草属	0	0	0	0	0	0.44	0	0

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

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退耕年限/a	经纬度	海拔/m	群落优势种	土壤类型
0	39 °03′52.00″N,103°35′14.00″E	1308.1	茴香（Foeniculum vulgare）	灰棕漠土
1	39°03′57.53″N,103°35′07.29″E	1305.9	地肤+中亚滨藜+虎尾草（Kochia scoparia+Atriplex centralasiatica+Chloris virgata）	灰棕漠土
2	39 °03′49.18″N,103°35′11.43″E	1314.2	碱蓬+地肤+白茎盐生草+虎尾草（Suaeda glauca+Kochia scoparia+Halogeton arachnoideus+Chloris virgata）	灰棕漠土
4	39 °03′50.69″N,103°35′10.2″E	1308.7	碱蓬+地肤+芨芨草+小果白刺（Suaeda glauca+Kochia scoparia+Achnatherum splendens+Nitraria sibirica）	灰棕漠土
8	39 °03′25.13″N,103°36′08.92″E	1305.0	小果白刺+黑果枸杞（Nitraria sibirica+Lycium ruthenicum）	灰棕漠土
13	39 °02′30.29″N,103°36′18.18″E	1306.4	黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）	灰棕漠土
20	39 °01′44.11″N,103°37′01.85″E	1308.1	黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）	灰棕漠土
30	39 °02′39.51″N,103°37′29.73″E	1302.0	黑果枸杞+盐爪爪（Lycium ruthenicum+Kalidium foliatum）	灰棕漠土
40	39 °02′54.31″N,103°37′55.49″E	1302.8	黑果枸杞+盐爪爪（Lycium ruthenicum+Kalidium foliatum）	灰棕漠土

生活型	科		属		种
生活型	数目	占总科数/%	数目	占总属数/%	数目	占总物种数/%
一年生草本	5	31.25	12	37.5	15	35.71
多年生草本	12	75	13	40.63	16	38.10
灌木	5	31.25	6	18.75	8	19.05
木质落叶大藤本	1	6.25	1	3.13	1	2.38
缠绕草质藤本	1	6.25	1	3.13	1	2.38
落叶乔木	1	6.25	1	3.13	1	2.38

退耕年限/a	个体数（N）/株	类群数（S）/棵	Shannon多样性指数	Pielou均匀度指数	Simpson优势度指数	Margalef丰富度指数
1	1125	20	1.81	0.42	0.41	1.88
2	1516	19	2.57	0.61	0.23	1.70
4	405	20	3.45	0.80	0.11	2.19
8	863	14	2.48	0.65	0.24	1.33
13	2172	14	1.84	0.48	0.41	1.17
20	3445	13	2.19	0.59	0.28	1.02
30	567	6	1.65	0.64	0.34	0.55
40	652	8	2.22	0.74	0.25	0.75

指标	个体数（N）/株	类群数（S）/棵	Shannon 多样性指数	Pielou 均匀度指数	Simpson 优势度	Margalef 丰富度指数	0~20 cm 土壤含水量	20~40 cm 土壤含水量
个体数（N）	1.00
类群数（S）	0.06	1.00
Shannon多样性指数	-0.26	0.52	1.00
Pielou均匀度指数	-0.46	-0.23	0.70	1.00
Simpson优势度指数	0.31	-0.20	-0.92^**	-0.89^**	1.00
Margalef丰富度指数	-0.16	0.97^**	0.65	-0.03	-0.35	1.00
0~20 cm土壤含水量	0.24	0.35	0.09^**	-0.31	-0.13^**	0.30	1.00
20~40 cm土壤含水量	0.03	0.53	-0.14	-0.49	0.26	0.46	0.88^**	1.00

Effects of different years of returning farmland on soil moisture and species diversity in Minqin Qingtu Lake area

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