荒漠土壤成分对陆面过程的影响研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采集塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘肖塘观测站附近的土壤，应用Mastersizer-2000激光粒度仪测定土壤粒径，按照伍登-温德华粒级标准进行土壤成分分类，发现土壤类型并非均质沙土，在0~30 cm深度的浅层存在10%~24%的黏土,根据土壤成分比例对Noah陆面模式的土壤参数重计算，然后利用肖塘站2011年3月22日至7月25日的观测数据驱动Noah模式，对比修正土壤参数前后的模拟效果。结果表明：更新土壤参数后10 cm土壤温度模拟偏差减少0.62 ℃，土壤热通量偏差减小10.47 W·m-2，感热通量偏差减少7.02 W·m-2，地表净辐射偏差减少5.48 W·m-2，且效率系数达到更高的接受程度。通过泰勒图分析了土壤参数修正对Noah模拟效果的整体作用，表明修正土壤参数后的模式中热量传输扩散有一定的优化作用，10 cm土壤温度和热通量土壤温度模拟效果得到改进。

关键词: 荒漠, 土壤成分, 陆面过程, Noah模式, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract:

In this study, the values of soil composition at Xiaotang Observation Station in the northern margin of the Taklimakan Desert were measured by Mastersizer-2000 Laser Particle Sizer and analyzed. Soil composition was classified according to the Wooden-Wendward Particle Size Standard. It was found that the soil was not the homogeneous sandy soil, and there was 10%-24% clay in the shallow soil layer at 0-30-cm depth. The soil parameters in the Noah Land Surface Model were recalculated according to the proportions of soil compositions. The data observed at Xiaotang Station from March 22 to July 25, 2011 were used to drive the Noah model, and the simulated results before and after amending the soil parameters were compared. The results showed that, after updating the soil parameters, the simulation effect of soil temperature was improved, the deviations of soil temperature, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and surface net radiation were reduced by 0.62 ℃, 10.47 W·m^-2, 7.02 W·m^-2 and 5.48 W·m^-2 respectively, and the efficiency coefficient was more acceptable. The overall effect of soil parameter modification for the Noah simulation was analyzed by Taylor diagram. The results showed that the heat transfer and diffusion in the modified soil parameter model could be improved to a certain extent, and the simulation effect of soil temperature could be improved obviously.

Key words: desert; soil composition, land process, Noah model, Taklimakan Desert

李火青, 金莉莉 , 买买提艾力·买买提依明 , 赵佳伟. 荒漠土壤成分对陆面过程的影响研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(1): 18-25.

LI Huo-qing, JIN Li-li, ALI Mamtimin, ZHAO Jia-wei. Effects of Desert Soil Composition on Land Surface Processes[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 18-25.

参考文献 25

[1]	Dickinson R E.Land-atmosphere interaction[J].Reviews of Geophysics，1995，33（33）：917-922.
[2]	Chen F，Zhang Y.On the coupling strength between the land surface and the atmosphere:From viewpoint of surface exchange coefficients[J].Geophysical Research Letters，2009，36（36）：207-213.
[3]	Wei J，Dirmeyer P，Guo Z，et al.How much do different land models matter for climate simulation? Part I.Climatology and Variability[J].Journal of Climate，2010，23（11）：3 135-3 145.
[4]	Yang T，Wang X，Zhao C，et al.Changes of climate extremes in a typical arid zone：Observations and multimodel ensemble projections[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres，2011，116（D19）：106-124.
[5]	Rodwell M J，Hoskins B J.Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society，1996，122（534）：1 385-1 404.
[6]	王超，韦志刚，李振朝，等.西北干旱区戈壁下垫面陆面过程特征的模拟研究[J].太阳能学报，2016，37（9）：2 422-2 429.[Wang Chao，Wei Zhigang，Li Zhenchao，et al.Simulation analysis of land surface process over Gobi at arid region Northwest China during summer[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica，2016，37（9）：2 422-2 429.]
[7]	李万莉，吕世华，傅慎明，等.金塔绿洲的辐射平衡特征和地表能量研究[J].太阳能学报，2009，30（12）：1 614-1 620.[Li Wanli，Lü Shihua，Fu Shengming，et al.A study on radiation balance and surface energy in Jinta Oasis[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2009，30（12）：1 614-1 620.]
[8]	Alkhaier F，Flerchinger G N，Su Z.Shallow groundwater effect on land surface temperature and surface energy balance under bare soil conditions：Modeling and description[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences，2012，16（7）：1 817-1 831.
[9]	李火青，吴新萍，买买提艾力·买买提依明，等.塔克拉玛干沙漠地表浅层土壤热扩散率、温度和热通量计算方法的比较研究[J].土壤通报，2016，47（4）：805-813.[Li Huoqing，Wu Xinping，Ali Mamtimin，et al.Comparation between the different methods toestimate soil thermal diffusivity，temperature and heat Flux in Sub-surface of Taklimakan Desert[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science，2016，47（4）：805- 813.]
[10]	郑辉，刘树华.沙漠陆面过程参数化与模拟[J].地球物理学报，2013，56（7）：2 207-2 217.[Zheng Hui，Liu Shuhua.Land surface parameterization and modeling over desert[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics，2013，56（7）：2 207-2 217.]
[11]	Liu Y Q，He Q，Ali Mamtimin.Improving the CoLM in Taklimakan desert hinterland with accurate key parameters and an appropriate parameterization scheme[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences，2012，29（2）：381-390.
[12]	吴小波，南卓铜，王维真，等.基于Noah陆面过程模型模拟青藏高原植被和土壤特征对多年冻土的影响[J].冰川冻土，2018,40（2）：280-286.[Wu Xiaobo，Nan Zhuotong，Wang Weizhen，et al.Simulation of the impact of vegetation and soil characteristics on permafrost over the Tibetan Plateau based on the Noah land surface model[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2018,40(2)：280-286.]
[13]	何玉洁，宜树华，郭新磊.青藏高原含砂砾石土壤导热率实验研究[J].冰川冻土，2017,39（2）：119-126.[He Yujie，Yi Shuhua，Guo Xinlei.Experimental study on thermal conductivity of soil with gravel on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2017,39（2）：119-126.]
[14]	Han X，Franssen H，Montzka C，et al.Soil moisture and soil properties estimation in the Community Land Model with synthetic brightness temperature observations[J].Water Resources Research，2014，50（7）：6 081-6 105.
[15]	Baroni G，Zink M，Kumar R，et al.Effects of uncertainty in soil properties on simulated hydrological states and fluxes at different spatio-temporal scales[J].Hydrology & Earth System Sciences，2017，21（5）：1-37.
[16]	曹寰琦，何清，金莉莉，等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘夏秋冬季地表能量平衡闭合特征[J].干旱区研究，2018，35（4）：830-839.[Cao Huanqi，He Qing，Jin Lili，et al.Surface energy balance closure of summer，autumn and winter in the Northern Margin of Taklimakan Desert[J].Arid Zone Research，2018，35（4）：830-839.]
[17]	Sun J.The age of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Science，2006，312（5 780）：1 621-1 621.
[18]	钱正安，宋敏红，李万元．近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的分布及变化趋势分析[J].中国沙漠，2002，22（2）：106-111.[Qian Zhengan，Song Minhong，Li Wanyuan，et al.Analysis of distribution and trend of sandstorm in North China in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Desert Research，2002，22（2）：106-111.]
[19]	魏文寿.沙漠气象学[M].北京：气象出版社，2008：197．[Wei Wenshou.Desert Meteorology[M].Beijing：Meteorological Publishing House，2008：197.]
[20]	金莉莉，李振杰，何清，等.CoLM模式对塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘陆面过程模拟评估及修正[J].中国沙漠，2018，38（6）：173-188.[Jin Lili,Li Zhenjie,He Qing,et al.Evaluation on modeling of land-atmosphere interaction in the Northern marginal zone of Taklimakan Desert with CoLM and correction[J].Journal of Desert Research，2018，38（6）：173-188.]
[21]	Chen F，Janji c′ Z，Mitchell K.Impact of atmospheric surface-layer parameterizations in the new land-surface scheme of the NCEP mesoscale Eta model[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology，1997，85（3）：391-421.
[22]	Chen F，Mitchell K，Schaake J，et al.Modeling of land surface evaporation by four schemes and comparison with FIFE observations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres，1996，101（D3）：7 251-7 268.
[23]	Betts A K.Assessment of the land surface and boundary layer models in two operational versions of the NCEP Eta model using FIFE data[J].Monthly Weather Review，1997，125（11）：2 896-2 916.
[24]	Schaake J C，Koren V，Duan Q Y，et al.Simple water balance model for estimating runoff at different spatial and temporal scales[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres，1996，101（D3）：7 461-7 475.
[25]	Chen Y Y，Yang K，He J，et al.Improving land surface temperature modeling for dry land of China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres，2011.https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015921.