玛纳斯河流域绿洲时空演变及其景观格局变化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.05.24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于1976、1989、1998、2006、2016年5期Landsat MSS/TM/OLI遥感影像,提取玛纳斯河流域近40 a的绿洲分布情况,利用数理统计模型及景观指数等方法分析了绿洲时空演变过程及其景观格局变化。结果表明:1976—2016年玛纳斯河流域中下游绿洲变迁呈退缩—扩张—急剧扩张的变化趋势,除1976—1989年绿洲处于退缩状态外,自1989年以来绿洲规模一直处于扩张状态,其中,以2006—2016年绿洲扩张速度最快,其面积增长量和净变化速度高达3 266 km²和4.43%,绿洲变化趋势表现出非平衡—极端不平衡的变化。1989—2006年草地对绿洲退缩的贡献率最大,2006年以后水域面积减少是绿洲退缩的主要贡献者,1989年以后耕地对绿洲扩张的贡献率最大;绿洲重心总体向西北方向迁移,各时期的绿洲重心迁移方向为东北—西南—西北—西南。绿洲景观几何形状趋于简单化,绿洲内部破碎化程度增加,这与草地景观破碎化程度不断增大有关,绿洲总体趋向于集中,绿洲聚集度有所增加,这与耕地景观聚集程度不断增大密切相关。

关键词: 绿洲, 时空演变, 景观格局, 面积变化, 贡献率, 玛纳斯河流域

Abstract: Based on the Landsat MSS/TM/OLI remote sensing images in 1976,1989,1998,2006 and 2016,the information of oasis distribution in the Manas River Basin in recent 40 years was extracted,and the methods of mathematical statistics model and landscape index were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the oasis and the change of landscape patterns in the study area.The results showed that,in recent 40 years,the oasis in the middle and lower reaches of the Manas River Basin was in a trend of reduction-expansion-sharp expansion,except the oasis was retreated from 1976 to 1989,the oasis was expanded after 1989,especially during the period from 2006 to 2016,area of the oasis was expanded by 3 266 km²,and the net change rate was as high as 4.43%.The change trend of the oasis was imbalanced and even extremely imbalanced.From 1989 to 2006,the contribution of grassland to the oasis reduction was the highest.After 2006,the reduction of waters was the main contributor to the oasis retreat.After 1989,the contribution of cultivated land to the oasis expansion was the most significant.The main part of the oasis was holistically shifted northwestward,and it was shifted northeastward,southwestward,northwestward and southwestward during different periods.The geometric shapes of the landscapes in the oasis were trended to simplification,and the fragmentation of the landscapes in the oasis became more serious,which was related to the increasing fragmentation of the grassland landscape.The oasis was trended to centralization,which was closely related to the continuous centralization of cultivated land.

Key words: oasis, spatiotemporal evolution, landscape pattern, area change, contribution rate, Manas River Basin

黄犁, 徐丽萍. 玛纳斯河流域绿洲时空演变及其景观格局变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(5): 1261-1269.

HUANG Li, XU Li-ping. Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Oasis and Change of Landscape Pattern in the Manas River Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(5): 1261-1269.

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