塔里木盆地北缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带宽度动态分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用塔里木盆地北缘绿洲Landsat遥感影像数据，并辅以Google Earth Pro 4800像素的高分辨率遥感影像确立解译标志，将塔里木盆地北缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带划分为三种类型：绿洲与石质裸山、沙质荒漠、砾质荒漠。在4个不同尺度（30、60、90、120 m）上，绿洲边缘的NDVI呈现出两条线性变化趋势，这两条趋势线的交汇点与绿洲边界之间的距离被确定为过渡带的宽度，同时运用缓冲区分析以及针对不同尺度的焦点分析方法对1994—2020年塔里木盆地北缘过渡带的宽度、尺度依赖性特征进行分析。结果表明：塔里木盆地北缘NDVI线性变化趋势均极显著（P<0.01），绿洲-石质裸山过渡带宽度1994—2020年稳定在540 m；而绿洲-砾质荒漠过渡带宽度在逐年减少，1994年为540 m，2009年下降到420 m，2020年为360 m；绿洲-沙质荒漠过渡带宽度也在显著减少，1994年为600 m，2009年减少为420 m，2020年缩减为300 m。这主要是由于近30 a塔里木盆地北缘绿洲-砾质荒漠和沙质荒漠边缘耕地面积不断增加，同时气温和降水量减少，人为活动和自然气候两者变化导致绿洲-砾质荒漠和沙质荒漠过渡带宽度逐渐萎缩；然而，裸岩石质地面积未发生变化，绿洲-石质裸山过渡带宽度稳定。塔里木盆地北缘绿洲化进程显著加速，绿洲-砾质荒漠和沙质荒漠过渡带宽度减小趋势明显。因此，该地区绿洲-荒漠过渡带生态环境保护和改善工作仍需进一步加强。

关键词: 绿洲-荒漠过渡带宽度, 缓冲分析, 焦点分析, 塔里木盆地北缘

Abstract:

In this study, the oasis-desert transition zone at the northern margin of Tarim Basin was divided into three types: oasis with stony bare mountains, sandy desert, and gravelly desert, used Landsat remote sensing image data of the oasis at the northern margin of Tarim Basin, supplemented by Google Earth Pro 4800-pixel high-resolution remote sensing images to establish interpretation markers. At four different scales (30, 60, 90, and 120 m), the NDVI of the oasis edge showed two linear trends, and the distance between the intersect of the two trend lines and the oasis boundary was determined as the width of the ecotone. At the same time, buffer zone analysis and focal point analysis methods for different scales were used to analyze the width and scale dependence characteristics of the transition zone in the northern edge of Tarim Basin from 1994 to 2020. The results showed that the linear trend of NDVI changes in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin were all highly significant (P<0.01), and the width of the oasis-stony bare mountain transition zone was stable at 540 m from 1994 to 2020. Meanwhile, the width of the transition zone between the oasis and gravelly desert had decreased year by year, from 540 m in 1994 to 420 m in 2009 and 360 m in 2020. Moreover, the width of the transition zone between the oasis and sandy desert had also significantly decreased, from 600 m in 1994 to 420 m in 2009 and 300 m in 2020. This was mainly due to the continuous increase in the area of cultivated land at the edge of the oasis gravel desert and sandy desert in the northern margin of Tarim Basin in the last 30 years, At the same time, the temperature and precipitation decreased, and the changes in both anthropogenic activities and natural climate led to the gradual shrinkage of the width of the transition zone between oasis-gravelly and sandy desert. However, the area of bare rock surface had not changed, and the width of the oasis stone bare mountain transition zone had remained stable. The findings showed that the process of oasis transformation in the northern margin of Tarim Basin had significantly accelerated, and the width of the transition zone between the oasis gravel desert and the sandy desert had decreased significantly. There is thus a need for further efforts to protect and improve the environment in the oasis-desert transition zone in this region.

Key words: width of oasis-desert ecotone, buffer analysis, focal analysis, northern margin of the Tarim Basin

刘笑笑, 缑倩倩, 王国华. 塔里木盆地北缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带宽度动态分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 534-544.

LIU Xiaoxiao, GOU Qianqian, WANG Guohua. Analysis of the width dynamics of the oasis-desert ecotone at the northern margin of the Tarim Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(3): 534-544.

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