亚洲中部干旱区降水异常的大气环流特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 亚洲中部干旱区（中亚五国和新疆）是地中海气候与东亚季风气候的过渡带，区域天气气候与欧洲和东亚季风区迥异，具有世界独特的干旱区生态气候模式，即山地森林草原—盆地平原绿洲寓于荒漠，并与荒漠共存的生态气候地理格局。天气气候受高、中、低纬环流的共同影响，区域内部差异很大，形成多背景、多因子、多尺度影响下的极具代表性的气象灾害孕育和成灾环境。亚洲中部干旱区光热资源丰富、蒸发量大、气温变化剧烈，而降水稀少，且分布极不均匀，天山山脉的中西段是降水高值区，近百年来整体表现为增暖、增湿趋势。高、中、低纬系统和中亚低值系统的活跃，共同造就了中亚东部（新疆）降水年代际和年际异常增多。西亚西风急流是联系高、中、低纬环流系统相互作用的纽带。目前，该区域气象综合观测网建设不能满足应对气候变化的需求，同时对区域特有的环流系统、灾害性天气气候发生规律和形成机理、高分辨率区域数值模式、地—气相互作用对区域天气气候的影响、气候变化预估等方面的研究也较薄弱，开展上述研究对“丝绸之路经济带”可持续发展具有重要科学意义和战略价值。

关键词: 天气, 气候特征, 降水异常, 大气环流, 水汽, 中亚干旱区（亚洲中部干旱区）

Abstract: As climate transition zone between Mediterranean climate region and East Asian monsoon region, arid region of Central Asia (including five Central Asian countries and Xinjiang province of China) which is influenced by high, middle and low latitude circulations has different synoptic-climatic characteristics from that of Europe and East Asia while its climate characteristics also varies greatly within the region. Central Asia has unique and complicated topography and ecosystem patterns like deserts, oasis, glaciers and basins, forming a highly representative meteorological disaster-breeding environment under the influence of multiple-background, multiple-factor and multiple-scale. This area has abundant solar-heat energy, large evaporation and dramatic temperature changes. Besides, its precipitation is scarce and has extremely uneven distribution with high value in the western and middle parts of Tianshan Mountains. Over the last one hundred years, Central Asia has experienced a warm and wet trend. Central Asia low value system together with the high, middle and low latitude circulation systems linked by West Asia westerly jet stream have contributed to the interdecadal and interannual variations of precipitation in Xinjiang. However, due to the insufficient construction of integrated meteorological observation network, the studies concerning regional featured circulation system, regularity and mechanism of disastrous weathers, high resolution regional numerical model, impacts of land-atmosphere interaction on regional weather and climate change prediction are still inadequate. Correspondingly, to carry out those studies has essential scientific significance and strategic value for the sustainable social and economic development in Silk Road Economic Belt.

Key words: Arid region of Central Asia, synoptic-climatic characteristics, precipitation anomaly, atmospheric circulation, water vapor

杨莲梅,关学锋,张迎新. 亚洲中部干旱区降水异常的大气环流特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(2): 249-259.

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