干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 20-27.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2016.01.02

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

近42 a珠穆朗玛峰地区极端气温事件的时空变化

杜军1,2, 路红亚2, 袁雷2, 建军3   

  1. 1.中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,四川 成都 610071;
    2.西藏自治区气候中心,西藏 拉萨 850001;
    3.西藏自治区山南地区气象局,西藏 泽当 856000
  • 收稿日期:2014-02-22 修回日期:2014-03-18 出版日期:2016-01-15 发布日期:2016-01-29
  • 作者简介:杜军(1969-), 男, 学士,正研高级工程师,主要从事青藏高原气候变化和农业气候研究.E-mail: dujun0891@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201333);国家自然科学基金项目(41165011);西藏自治区气象局科技创新团队基金(XZQX201302)

Spatio-temporal Change of Extreme Temperature Events in Mt. Qomolangma Region of Tibet from 1971 to 2012

DU Jun1,2, LU Hong-ya2, YUAN Lei2, JIAN Jun3   

  1. 1. Institute Plateau Meteorological,China Meteorological Administration,Chengdu 610071,Sichuan,China;
    2. Tibet Meteorological Center,Lhasa 850001,Tibet,China;
    3. Shannan Meteorological Service of Tibet,Zedang 856000,Tibet,China
  • Received:2014-02-22 Revised:2014-03-18 Published:2016-01-15 Online:2016-01-29

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摘要： 选取西藏珠穆朗玛峰(珠峰)地区5个气象站点1971—2012年逐日最高、最低气温资料,采用反距离权重插值法、线性回归和Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析珠峰地区极端气温事件的时空变化。结果表明:近42 a西藏珠峰地区极端最高气温、最高气温的极小值、极端最低气温和最低气温的极大值都呈上升趋势,为0.30～0.64 ℃·(10a)-1,以极端最低气温升幅最大。霜冻和结冰日数分别以-4.99 d·(10a)-1和-1.24 d·(10a)-1的速度显著减少,主要表现在南坡。生长季长度呈现出明显的延长趋势,为4.81 d·(10a)-1。气温日较差趋于减小,平均为0.08 ℃·(10a)-1。冷昼(夜)日数明显减少,幅度为-6.54 d·(10a)-1〔-8.87 d·(10a)-1〕;暖昼(夜)日数显著增加,增幅为8.17 d·(10a)-1〔12.07 d·(10a)-1〕。在10 a际变化尺度上,珠峰地区极端气温暖指数呈增加趋势,而极端气温冷指数趋于下降。在时间转折上,极端最高气温、生长季长度突变点,分别发生在1980年和1984年,其他指数的突变点出现在1990年代。

关键词: 极端气温指数, 时空变化, 突变, 珠穆朗玛峰, 西藏

Abstract: Based on the daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 1971 to 2012 from five stations in Mt. Qomolangma Region of Tibet,the spatial and temporal change of extreme temperature events were analyzed using the methods of inverse distance weighted (IDW),linear regression and Mann-Kendall test. The main results are obtained as follows: ① The maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx),minimum value of daily maximum temperature (TXn),minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TNn) and maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx) significantly increased with a rate of 0.30-0.64 ℃·(10a)-1 during recent 42 years,and the maximum rate in TNn. Frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) showed significantly decreasing at a rate of -4.99 d·(10a)-1 and -1.24 d·(10a)-1,especially in the south slopes of Mt. Qomolangma. The length of growing season (GSL) showed statistically significant increasing at the rate of 4.81 d·(10a)-1,and diurnal temperature range (DTR) showed significant rates of decrease of 0.08 ℃·(10a)-1. Significant reduction at a rate of -6.54 d·(10a)-1〔-8.87 d·(10a)-1〕occurred for cool days (TX10p)〔nights (TN10p)〕,and significant increase at a rate of 8.17 d·(10a)-1〔12.07 d·(10a)-1〕occurred for warm days (TX90p)〔nights (TN90p)〕. ② In terms of decadal variations,the warm indices (TNx,TX90p,TN90p and GSL) showed increasing trend,while the cold indices(FD,ID,TX10p and TN10p)has decreased. ③ It is also found that the abrupt change of the TXx and GSL had abrupt change respectively in 1980 and 1984,the other extreme temperature indices occurred in 1900s.

Key words: extreme temperature index, spatial-temporal change, mutation, Mt. Qomolangma, Tibet