干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 419-423.

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

羌塘自然保护区湖泊变化及其原因分析

李林1,2, 杨秀海1,2, 扎西央宗1, 赵文3, 拉巴卓玛1   

  1. 1. 西藏高原大气环境科学研究所，西藏 拉萨 850000； 2. 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所，四川 成都 610072；
    3. 西藏自治区科技信息研究所，西藏 拉萨 850000
  • 收稿日期:2012-05-03 修回日期:2012-08-03 出版日期:2013-05-15 发布日期:2013-05-16
  • 作者简介:李林（1970-），男，高级工程师，主要从事生态遥感研究.E-mail:lilin709@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“羌塘国家自然保护区空间信息共享环境应用研究”（40761018）；中国气象局项目“西藏自治区生态环境遥感监测与服务系统”（气发〔2008〕326号）

Change of the Lakes in the Qiangtang Nature Reserve

 LI  Lin1,2, YANG  Xiu-Hai1,2, ZHA  Xi-Yang-Zong1, ZHAO  Wen3, LA  Ba-Zhuo-Ma1   

  1. 1. Tibet Institute of Plateau Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
    2. Chengdu Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China;
    3. Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
  • Received:2012-05-03 Revised:2012-08-03 Online:2013-05-15 Published:2013-05-16

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被引次数

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摘要： 选取西藏羌塘自然保护区MSS、TM、ETM+数据和1[JP18]∶[JP]100 000地形图，以85° E为中心线，将研究区划分为东西两部分，解译该区域面积大于1 km2的所有湖泊。结果表明：1975—1990年，羌塘自然保护区湖泊呈退缩状态，湖泊个数由388个减少为277个，面积由6 603.3 km2减少到5 539.7 km2，面积减少达16.1%；2005年，湖泊个数比1990年增加164个，达441个，湖泊总面积9 652.2 km2，比1990年增加4 112.5 km2，增幅74.2%。在区域上，表现为东部变化幅度大于西部。同时，重点分析了研究区附近的狮泉河、改则、班戈、申扎、那曲、安多6个气象站1978—2007年的数据。结果显示：6个代表气象站年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年降水量均呈上升趋势，其中东部上升幅度较大，西部变化不明显；年蒸发量呈减少趋势。降水是影响湖泊变化最主要的因素。

关键词: 湖泊面积, 气候变化, 羌塘自然保护区, 青藏高原

Abstract: Based on the MSS data in the 1970s, TM data in the 1990s and ETM data at the beginning of the 21st century in the Qiangtang Nature Reserve in Tibet, in this paper the area and spatiotemporal variation of the lakes larger than 1 km2 in the nature reserve were interpret with remote sensing analysis. The results show that the lakes in the Qiangtang Nature Reserve were in a shrinkage during the period from 1975 to 1990, their number was decreased from 388 to 277, their total area was reduced from 6 603.3 km2 to 5 539.7 km2 (reduced by 16.1%), but thereafter until 2000, area of the lakes was enlarged dramatically. Number of the lakes was increased by 164 and to 441, total area of the lakes was enlarged to 9 652.2 km2 and by 4 112.5 km2 (enlarged by 74.2%) compared with that in 1990. Regionally, change of the lakes in the east was significantly higher than that in the west. The average daily and monthly temperature, average monthly maximum and minimum temperature, monthly precipitation and evaporation at 6 meteorological stations including Shiquanhe, Gaize, Bange, Shenza, Naqu and Anduo were analyzed, and the results revealed that the temperature at the 6 stations was increased; precipitation was significantly increased in the east, and its change was not significant in the west; annual evaporation was in a decrease trend. It is considered that precipitation was the most important factor affecting the change of the lakes, and then temperature and evaporation.

Key words: lake area, climate change, Qiangtang Nature Reserve, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau