干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 784-790.

• 植物生理 • 上一篇    下一篇

天然林中不同径级新疆野苹果的光合能力

毛培利1，2, 臧润国2, 白志强3, 许正4, 郭仲军3, 刘端3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所滨海湿地生态实验室，中国科学院山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室，山东 烟台　264003; 
    2. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所，国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室，北京　100091; 
    3. 新疆林业科学研究院森林生态研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐　830000; 
    4. 新疆伊犁州园艺科学研究所，野果林资源研究发展中心，新疆 伊宁　835000
  • 收稿日期:2011-10-24 修回日期:2012-02-27 出版日期:2012-09-15 发布日期:2012-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 臧润国. E-mail: zangrung@caf.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:毛培利（1979-），男，山东泰安人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事植物生理生态研究. E-mail: maopl1979@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业科研专项项目(200704016)

Photosynthetic Capacity of Malus sieversii Trees in Natural Forest

 MAO  Pei-Li1，2, ZANG  Run-Guo2, BAI  Zhi-Qiang3, XU  Zheng4, GUO  Zhong-Jun3, LIU  Duan3   

  1. 1. Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Ecology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environment Processes, 
    Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China; 
    2. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, The State Forestry Administration; Institute of Forest Ecology 
    and Environment Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
    3. Institute of Forest Ecology, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science, Urumqi 830000, China;
    4. Center for Research and Development of WildFruit Forest Resources, Institute of Horticulture Research,
     Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Y[JP8]i’[JP]ning, 835000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2011-10-24 Revised:2012-02-27 Online:2012-09-15 Published:2012-10-09

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摘要： 研究新疆天山野果林建群种新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii）光合生理特性，对于该种群保育及其生态功能评价具有重要意义。通过野外测定新疆新源天然野果林中不同径级64株新疆野苹果南向枝条上部叶和下部叶饱和光强下的净光合速率（A）、气孔导度（gs）和比叶面积（SLA）。结果表明：随着径级增加，上部叶和下部叶的Aarea、Amass显著增加。gs随径级的增加先增加再降低，在径级Ⅲ（树干0.5 m高处直径25~35 cm）时达最大。上部叶比下部叶有着高的Aarea、Amass和gs。回归分析表明：随着树干直径增加，Aarea和gs呈二次多项式增加，Amass呈线性增加。SLA随径级增加变化不显著，上部叶SLA显著低于下部叶。上部叶的Aarea高于下部叶，但由于SLA显著减小，在Amass上两者差异减小。随gs增加，上部叶Aarea呈幂函数增加，下部叶Aarea呈二次多项式增加。 

关键词: 新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii）, 净光合速率, 比叶面积, 气孔导度, 野果林, 新源县, 新疆

Abstract: Photosynthesis is a basic eco-physiological process for the functioning of ecosystems. Malus sieversii(Ledeb.) Roem. is the most important dominant species in the wild fruit forest on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China. M. sieversi population has been declining rapidly due to more and more intensive anthropogenic disturbances. Research on the photosynthetic characteristics of M. sieversii of different size classes is critical to understand the functions of its dominated ecosystems and to take proper measures to conserve this endangered species. Net assimilation rate (A), stomotal conductance (gs)and specific leaf area (SLA) of sun-facing M. sieversii leaves at upper and lower parts of 64 adult trees were measured in a natural wild fruit forest in Xinyuan County on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, northwest China. The results showed that there was a significant effect of stem diameter class on photosynthetic characteristics of M. sieversii. Both Aarea and Amass were increased with the increase of diameter class, whereas gs was increased at first and then decreased, and the maximum values appeared at the main stem diameter of 25-35 cm at 0.5 m height. There was a significant effect of leaf position on photosynthetic characteristics. Aarea, Amass and gs of the leaves on the upper part of branches were significantly higher than those on the lower part. The results of regression analysis revealed that Aarea and gs were increased in a quadratic polynomial way with the increase of stem diameter, whereas Amass was increased in a linear relation. With the increase of diameter class, the change of SLA was not significant. There was a significant effect of leaf position on SLA. SLA of the leaves on the upper part of crown was significantly lower than that on lower part, and the differences of Amass between the leaves on the upper and lower parts was low. Aarea of the leaves on both upper and lower parts was increased with the increase of gs, but the regression equations were different. Aarea of upper leaves was increased in a power function with the increase of gs, where as Aarea of lower leaves was increased in a quadratic polynomial way with the increase of gs. 

Key words: Malus sieversii, net photosynthetic rate, specific leaf area, stomotal conductance, wild fruit forest, Xinyuan County, Xinjiang